High glucose concentration causes a rise in [Ca2+]i of cardiac myocytes  Miroslaw Smogorzewski, Varuzhan Galfayan, Shaul G. Massry  Kidney International  Volume 53, Issue 5, Pages 1237-1243 (May 1998) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00868.x Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Effect of high concentrations of glucose (30mm; •), choline chloride (30mm; ▪), mannitol (30mm; ▴) and urea (30mm; ○) on the [Ca2+]i of cardiac myocytes.Each datum point represents the mean of six to seven studies, and the brackets denote ± 1 se. Kidney International 1998 53, 1237-1243DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00868.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Effects of various concentrations of glucose on [Ca2+]i of cardiac myocytes at (○) five minutes and (•) ten minutes. Each datum point represents the mean of six studies and the brackets denote ± 1 se. Kidney International 1998 53, 1237-1243DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00868.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Effect of ryanodine on the glucose-induced rise in [Ca2+]i of cardiac myocytes incubated in a media containing 1mm calcium. Each column represents the mean of six studies and brackets denote ± 1 se. Symbols are: (□) basal; (▪) 1mm Ca; () Ca + ryanodine 10-7 m. Kidney International 1998 53, 1237-1243DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00868.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Effects of various concentrations of the G protein inhibitor (GDPβS) (A) and of pertussis toxin (B) on the glucose-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Each column represents the mean of five to six studies and the brackets denote ± 1 se. Symbols in A are: (▪) 30mm glucose; () glucose + GDPβS 100 μm; () glucose + GDPβS 200 μm; (□) glucose + GDPβS 400 μm. Symbols in B are: (▪) glucose 30mm; (□) glucose + pertussis toxin 10 μ/ml. Kidney International 1998 53, 1237-1243DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00868.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 The effects of various concentrations of Rp-cAMP (A) an H-89 (B) on the glucose-induced rise in [Ca2+]i of cardiac myocytes. Each column represents the mean of six studies and brackets denote ± 1 se. Symbols in A are: (▪) 30mm glucose; () glucose + Rp-cAMP 100 μm; () glucose + RP-cAMP 200 μm; (□) glucose + Rp-cAMP 400 μm. Symbols in B are: (▪) glucose 30mm; () glucose + H-89 50 μm; (□) glucose + H-89 100 μm. Kidney International 1998 53, 1237-1243DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00868.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Schematic of the proposed cellular pathways through which high glucose concentration induces an acute rise in [Ca2+]i of cardiac myocytes. Interrupted line indicates a small contribution to the rise in [Ca2+]i. Kidney International 1998 53, 1237-1243DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00868.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Kidney International 1998 53, 1237-1243DOI: (10. 1046/j. 1523-1755 Kidney International 1998 53, 1237-1243DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00868.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions