Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii): a newly recognized pathogen— review of the literature  R. Lotte, L. Lotte, R. Ruimy  Clinical Microbiology and Infection  Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 28-36 (January 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.038 Copyright © 2015 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Unrooted neighbour-joining tree based on 16S rRNA sequences showing phylogenetic position of Actinotignum schaalii and closely related members of genera Actinobaculum, Trueperella and Arcanobacterium within family Actinomycetaceae. Values above lines are bootstrap values expressed as percentages (only values >90% are shown). Scale bar indicates accumulated changes per nucleotide. Phylogenetic tree was performed using MEGA6 software as previously described [58]. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2016 22, 28-36DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.038) Copyright © 2015 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 (a) Gram staining (original magnification, ×1000) showing Gram-positive coccoid rods. (b) Colonial morphology of Actinotignum schaalii grown on Columbia agar with 5% sheep's blood after 72 hours of incubation under anaerobic conditions at 37°C. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2016 22, 28-36DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.038) Copyright © 2015 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions