Tobacco and Alcohol Mrs. Wallace

Tobacco

Tobacco A plant that contains nicotine that is smoked and chewed.

Nicotine An addictive stimulant drug found in tobacco products Cigarettes Cigars Chewing tobacco Pipe tobacco

Carcinogen A chemical that is known to cause cancer 7,000 chemicals in tobacco, 69 are known to cause cancer National Cancer Institute

Tar A sticky, thick substance formed when tobacco is burned.

Carbon monoxide An odorless, tasteless gas that interferes with the ability of blood to carry oxygen. Formed when tobacco is burned.

Secondhand smoke Smoke that is breathed in by a nearby nonsmoker. Living with a smoker increases cancer risks by 20- 30% (Surgeon General)

Mainstream smoke Smoke that is inhaled into the smoker’s mouth and lungs.

Sidestream smoke Smoke that enters the air from burning tobacco. Has more tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide than mainstream smoke.

Smokeless tobacco Chewing tobacco – loose leaves or plugs placed between cheek and lower lip (usually toward back of the mouth). Can be chewed or held in place. Snuff – finely cut or powdered tobacco Nicotine is absorbed through the lining of the mouth

http://www.thetruth.com/ http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/publications/dvds_videos/cant_breathe/ http://www.tobaccofree.org/clips/VideoSeanMarsee.htm

Alcohol

Alcohol A drug found in certain beverages (beer, wine, liquor, etc.) that depresses the brain and nervous system.

Proof A measure of the amount of alcohol in a beverage. The proof of a beverage is double the percent of alcohol in the beverage. Example: a beverage with 20% alcohol is 40 proof

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood.

Factors That affect BAC Amount of alcohol consumed  Speed at which alcohol is consumed  Body weight  Percent body fat  Gender  Feelings  Amount of food eaten  Presence of other drugs in the bloodstream  Age  Carbonation

Binge-Drinking Consuming 5 or more drinks in a sitting 2 or more times per week.

Alcoholism A disease in which there is a physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.

How alcohol affects the body Consequences How alcohol affects the body

Nervous System Destroys nerve cells and causes blackouts and seizures. Causes dementia

Digestive system Increases risk of developing cancers of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. Causes ulcers Increases risk of liver disease - Cirrhosis Increases the risk of developing pancreatitis Causes malnutrition

Immune System Depresses immune function Increases the risk of developing certain illnesses, such as, respiratory infections, tuberculosis, and certain cancers. Decreases the ability to fight pathogens

Cardiovascular system Increases risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, and stroke

Skeletal system Causes the body to lose calcium - Osteoporosis

Urinary system Increase urine flow Increased risk of kidney failure

Reproductive system Male Decrease testes size Female Decrease muscle mass Delays the age when the voice deepens Female Can delay the first menstrual cycle Cause irregular periods Impair breast development

Reproductive system cont. Pregnancy Miscarriage Stillbirth Low-birthweight infants Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - severe birth defects, such as, small eye openings, a small head, and retarded physical and mental growth.