19th Century France: Empire or Republic The Third Republic final brought some level of political stability to France at the very end of the 19th century.

Evidence Second Republic Napoleon III Paris Commune Third Republic Dreyfus Affair Emile Zola Boulanger Crisis

The Revolution of 1830 ousted the Bourbons for good driving Charles X from the throne and enthroned Louis Philippe who established a constitutional monarchy The Revolution of 1848 kicked out Louis Philippe and the Second Republic was established with Louis Napoleon as president. Louis Napoleon became Napoleon III establishing the Second Empire in 1852. The Franco-Prussia War ended the Second Empire and the Third Republic was established in 1871.

The Third Republic By the 1890s, a stable republic generally supported by the public had been achieved. It survived two attempts to bring it down 1889 Boulanger Affair 1894 Dreyfus Affair Emile Zola’s J’Accuse Separated Church and State Provided free, compulsory primary education Established a social security system Encourage business growth Expanded French colonial possessions Joined the Allied Forces in WWI.