CHROMOSOME AND CELL DIVISION

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Despite the diversity among cells, three basic features are common to all cell types. All cells have outer boundary, an interior substance and a control region.

CELL STRUCTURES

PLASMA MEMBRANE Composition: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Function: selective passage of molecules into and out of cell

NUCLEUS Composition: nuclear envelope surrounding nucleoplasm, chromatin and nucleolus Function: storage of genetic information, controls metabolic functioning and structural characteristics of the cell.

RIBOSOMES Composition: protein and RNA in two subunits Function: Protein synthesis

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Composition: membranous saccules and canals Function: synthesis and /or modification of proteins and other substances, and transport by vesicle formation

Composition: stack of membranous saccules GOLGI APPARATUS Composition: stack of membranous saccules Function: Processing, packaging, and distribution of molecules

Composition: membranous sac Function: storage and transport substances VACUOLE AND VESICLE Composition: membranous sac Function: storage and transport substances

LYSOSOME Composition: membranous vesicle containing digestive enzymes Function: intracellular digestion

MITOCHONDRION Composition: inner membrane (cristae) within outer membrane Function: cellular respiration

CYTOSKELETON Composition: microtubles, actin filaments Function: shape of the cell and movement of its parts.

STRUCTURE OF THE CYTOSKELETON

CILIA AND FLAGELLA Composition: 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules Function: movement of cell

CENTRIOLE Composition: 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules Function: formation of basal bodies