Animal Notes Chapter 14

Animal Kingdom Animals are the kingdom of multicellular eukaryotes that consume or eat their food. Animals are divided into 2 main groups Those with back bones vertebrates those without back bones invertebrates Most animals carry out sexual reproduction. They make sex cells (sperm and eggs) When eggs and sperm meet, it is called fertilization.

Animal Behavior Innate behavior – behavior that is not learned. It is influenced by genes. (ex. Breathing) Learned behavior – behavior that has been learned from experience and/or observations. Seasonal behavior – behavior is an animal’s response to weather. Some animals travel from one place to another called migration. Some animals experience a decrease in body temperatures in the winter called hibernation. Some animals experience a decrease in activity in a summer called estivation.

Animals follow natural rhythyms The internal control of an animal’s natural cycle is called a biological clock. The biological clock can control the animal’s daily cycles, which are called it’s circadian rhythms.

Animals can be social Animals interact with those of the same species called social behavior. Animals can send signals and respond to one another called communication. Some animals communicate by chemicals called pheromones. Some animals can also communicate by making noise or using movement called body language.

There are three types of body plans If an animal’s body can be divided into 2 equal halves, or mirror images, the symmetry is bilateral. If an animal’s body parts are arranged in a circle around a center point, the symmetry is radial. If an animal’s body cannot be divided equally at all, the symmetry is asymmetrical.