2nd declension nouns and adjectives ending in –r Latin I March 10-14 Lesson 14 2nd declension nouns and adjectives ending in –r Latin I March 10-14

Let’s Review! 2ND DECLENSION: Nouns that have –i in their genitive singular are 2nd declension. amicus, amici (m.) vir, viri (m.) ager, agri (m.)

Dictionary entry of a noun: servus servi, m. slave Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: servus servi, m. slave Nominative singular Genitive singular Gender Meaning servi – i = serv- Noun Stem

Nominative servus servi Genitive servi servorum Dative servo servis In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. servus, servi (m.) --- slave Case Singular Plural Nominative servus servi Genitive servi servorum Dative servo servis Accusative servum servos Ablative servo servis

Nouns Ending In -R “Nouns that end in –r” are exactly that: their nominative singular ends in –r instead of the usual –us. puer, pueri (m.) ager, agri (m.) vir, viri (m.)

Nouns Ending in -R These nouns form their stems the SAME WAY as the others: drop the –i from the genitive! Follow that rule and you’ll always get the correct stem.

Dictionary entry of a noun: ager agri, m. field Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: ager agri, m. field Meaning Nominative singular Genitive singular Gender agri – i = agr- Noun Stem

Accusative agrum agros Ablative agro agris By following the stem rule, a word like “ager” loses its “-e” after the first form. ager, agri (m.) --- field Case Singular Plural Nominative ager agri Genitive agri agrorum Dative agro agris Accusative agrum agros Ablative agro agris

Dictionary entry of a noun: puer pueri, m. boy Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: puer pueri, m. boy Nominative singular Gender Meaning Genitive singular pueri – i = puer- Noun Stem

Genitive pueri puerorum Dative puero pueris Accusative puerum pueros By following the stem rule, a word like “puer” keeps its “-e-”. puer, pueri (m.) --- boy Case Singular Plural Nominative puer pueri Genitive pueri puerorum Dative puero pueris Accusative puerum pueros Ablative puero pueris

Dictionary entry of a noun: vir viri, m. man Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: vir viri, m. man Nominative singular Genitive singular Gender Meaning viri – i = vir- Noun Stem

vir, viri (m.) --- man Case Singular Plural Nominative vir viri Genitive viri virorum Dative viro viris Accusative virum viros Ablative viro viris

Your Turn! Decline the noun magister, magistri (m.) on your whiteboard. magister magistri magistri magistrorum magistro magistris magistrum magistros

-R Adjectives Some adjectives are listed as –er, -a, -um instead of the usual –us, -a, -um. To find the stem of these adjectives, drop the -a from the feminine (middle) form. liber, libera, liberum: free (adj.) Stem: liber- sacer, sacra, sacrum: sacred (adj.) Stem: sacr-

Your Turn! Decline the noun/adjective arbor sacra on your whiteboard. Remember arbor, arboris is 3rd declension. Sacra, sacrae is 1st. arbor sacra arbores sacrae arboris sacrae arborum sacrarum arbori sacrae arboribus sacris arborem sacram arbores sacras arbore sacrā arboribus sacris

What To Take Away From the Lesson! 2nd declension nouns find their stems by dropping the –i from the genitive. When you do this, some words will drop a letter and some won’t. Follow the –i rule and the form will be correct!