David Hodge, President, Turning Leaf Conservation Co. Techniques for Controlling Solidago altissima (Tall Goldenrod) in Natural Areas David Hodge, President, Turning Leaf Conservation Co.

Characteristics that Make Tall Goldenrod Difficult to Control Forms monocultures Produces tremendous number of seeds Rhizomatous Allelopathic – ester formulations

Control Methods Hand pulling – Usually leaves roots /rhizomes. Is not feasible on a large scale – Seems to have no effect. Hard to burn in areas with dense goldenrod – Shown to keep goldenrod from spreading (theoretically controls it) – Offers best means for control Hand pulling Burning Mowing Herbiciding

Herbicides Used for Control of Goldenrod Transline (1.5 – 2%) Pros Best herbicide available for controlling goldenrod Cons Can affect other species (composites) Not approved for use over water Slow acting Garlon 3A (5%) Works quickly Can be used over water Not as selective -- kills other forbs Not as effective as Transline

Other Solidago Species of Concern Solidago canadensis: Canada Goldenrod Solidago gramnifolia: Grass-leaved Goldenrod Solidago sempervirens: Seaside Goldenrod