Ch. 9 The Transports Of The Body BLOOD Ch. 9 The Transports Of The Body

Blood Made up of about 60% liquid (plasma) 40% formed elements which consist of: erythrocytes (red blood cells) leukocytes (white blood cells) thrombocytes (platelets)

Blood Blood is about 5 times as viscous as water and the color varies from bright red to dark blue/purple depending on the oxygen content.

Blood’s Role Transports oxygen from the lungs Collects waste products and delivers it to the excretory organs for disposal Carries hormones from endocrine glands Maintains fluid content of the tissue Regulates temperature

Plasma This liquid portion of the blood, is clear to straw colored Approximately 90% water and 10% solutes. Protein makes up most of the solutes. One of these proteins is fibrinogen which is important for blood clotting

If the clotting factors (fibrinogen) are removed the resulting liquid is called “serum”

Blood Cells All blood cells begin as stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells. In young animals, blood cells are produced in all bone marrow. In adults blood cells are produced in red bone marrow

Blood Cells Production Proerythroblasts = Myeloblasts = Lymphoblasts = Monoblasts = Megakaryoblasts = erythrocytes granulocytes lymphocytes monocytes thrombocytes

Erythrocytes Erythrocytes are anucleated biconcave disks that carry hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron containing pigment that combines with oxygen and gives blood the red color. Hemoglobin not only combines with oxygen in the lungs to carry it throughout the body but also combines with carbon dioxide and carries it to the lungs for disposal.

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes:

There are five types of leukocytes and they are divided into two groups: Granulocytes Agranulocytes

Granulocytes Originate in the bone marrow and contain fine granules. These are further classified based on staining characteristics.

Segmented neutrophils: These cells phagocytize invaders as well as build a wall against invaders

Eosinophils These detoxify foreign proteins from allergens or parasitic infections.

Basophils These have purple to blue staining granules. Their function isn’t clear, but they may prevent coagulation in blood vessels

Agranulocytes These cells originate in the lymph system and have a round or horseshoe shaped nucleus

Lymphocyte: These have a rounded nucleus and function in phagocytosis and immune response.

Monocyte These have a horseshoe shaped nucleus and function primarily as phagocytes

Neutrophil Monocyte Basophil Lymphocyte Eosinophil Leukocytes

Thrombocytes Platelets (thrombocytes) these cells originate in the bone marrow and function in the clotting mechanism. Clotting is a result of a chemical reaction. Platelets attach to an injured blood vessel and release substances that contract blood vessels.

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Platelets under an electron microscope a microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses.

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