The Fur Trade and Colonial Era c. 1600 – c. 1870

The Assiniboine The “Nakota” Fur Trade Came from the Dakotas to hunt Spoke a Sioux language Fur Trade Men: Guides, interpreters, traders Women: Made clothing and snowshoes Most have left for Alberta and Montana

The Cree Origins Bison hunters Intermarried with fur traders May descend from Selkirk Culture Many divisions of the Cree Plains, Swampy, James Bay, etc. Bison hunters Intermarried with fur traders

The Ojibway Came to St. Clements from Sault Ste. Marie in mid- 18th century Called Saulteaux (“people who jump the rapids”) Intermarried with fur traders

Plains Tribes Culture Naturalistic religion War was very important Believed in the Creator Believed spirits were in nature Sought experiences of interaction with spirits War was very important Glory Revenge Plunder

Politics Assiniboine-Cree-Saulteaux Alliance Controlled access to European goods Controlled gun supply Monopoly challenged by 1800 Smallpox Epidemic of 1837-38 Almost wiped out the Assiniboines

Chief Peguis (c.1774–1864) French voyageur father, Saulteaux mother Sault Ste. Marie  Netley Creek in 1790s “Death River” Befriended Selkirk Settlers

The Selkirk Treaty of 1817 Map of lands covered by the Selkirk Treaty

The Selkirk Treaty of 1817 Map of lands covered by the Selkirk Treaty

The Selkirk Treaty of 1817 “THIS INDENTURE . . . Witnesseth that for and in consideration of the annual present or quit rent hereinafter mentioned, the said Chiefs have given, granted and confirmed, and do, by these presents, give, grant and confirm unto our Sovereign Lord the King all that tract of land adjacent to Red River and Ossiniboyne River, beginning at the mouth of Red River and extending along same as far as Great Forks at the mouth of Red Lake River, and along Ossiniboyne River, otherwise called Riviere des Champignons, and extending to the distance of six miles from Fort Douglas on every side . . .”

Rev. William Cockran Cockran believed working for Rev. William Cockran “. . . the cordial, and legitimate union of Civilisation and Christianity; upon the Indian Race. The former the Physician of the body; the latter the Physician of the soul. Both the free gift of God to man.”

St. Peter’s Settlement Cockran convinced Peguis to settle at St. Peter’s in 1833 Joseph and Catherine Cook, schoolteachers First windmill in 1835

Progress of the Village

Progress of the Village Not St. Peter’s windmill (?)

St. Peter’s Dynevor St. Peter’s Dynevor Anglican Church (1852-57) Peguis became a Christian in 1840 William and Victoria King Children called “Prince”

Slides by RedRiverNorthHeritage.com