Metabolic Control of Longevity Carlos López-Otín, Lorenzo Galluzzi, José M.P. Freije, Frank Madeo, Guido Kroemer  Cell  Volume 166, Issue 4, Pages 802-821 (August 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Metabolic Impact of the Hallmarks of Aging All hallmarks of aging, including primary hallmarks (blue background), antagonistic hallmarks (red background), and integrative hallmarks (green background) have prominent repercussions on anabolic or catabolic metabolism. Cell 2016 166, 802-821DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Metabolic Interventions that Improve Longevity Data from several model organisms indicate that aging and the manifestations of age-associated disorders can be delayed by regular exercise, caloric restriction, small molecules that mimic the effects of fasting but are not associated with a sizeable weight loss (caloric restriction mimetics), limited intake of amino acids, inhibition of trophic signal-transduction cascades (for instance, with rapamycin, originally discovered in Rapa Nui island), and metformin (an antidiabetic drug with pleiotropic metabolic effects). Possibly, these interventions may also extend human lifespan. Cell 2016 166, 802-821DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Impact of Westernized Lifestyle on Human Longevity Accumulating experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that the aging process and the manifestations of age-associated pathologies are accelerated by various aspects of the so-called “westernized lifestyle,” including a hypercaloric diet associated with excess fat and protein intake but limited amount of healthy food, exposure to environmental toxicants from the food industry, and an exaggerated sedentariness. Cell 2016 166, 802-821DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Metabolic Reprogramming and Longevity Anti-aging interventions cause a global metabolic rewiring that is associated with the redistribution of nutrients from anabolic metabolism supporting cell growth and proliferation to catabolic reactions that enhance cytoplasmic turnover, metabolic flexibility, stress resistance, and homeostasis maintenance. Cell 2016 166, 802-821DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions