Digestive/Circulatory

Digestive System Digestion is the breakdown of complex material and making it simplex Rhythmic contractions are called Peristalsis

Mouth INGEST food by mouth Teeth and Tongue do Mechanical Digestion (grinding/mashing) Salivary Amylase is excreted and starts to breaks down starch

What’s the difference between chemical and mechanical digestions?

Esophagus ESOPHAGUS is a tube that goes from the mouth to the STOMACH CHEMICAL DIGESTION of starch continues Chemical Digestion is splitting large molecules into small molecules by enzymes

STOMACH Churns and Mashes food Muscular Makes food into CHYME (add thick soupy mixture) Begins chemical digestion of proteins by gastric juices (hydrochloric acid)

Small Intestine ALL CHEMICAL DIGESTION (ENZYMES ) Has VILLI, which are small fingerlike projections Villi increase the surface area to absorb food

Small Intestine Nutrients is absorbed through the VILLI and goes into your bloodstream - this is how your circulatory system and digestive system work together i.e. sugar rush

Villi

ACCESSORY ORGANS PANCREAS secretes enzymes into the small intestine to chemically digest all food BILE made by the LIVER and stored in the GALLBLADDER is secreted to digest lipids

Large Intestine What is not absorbed by the small intestine and is left goes to the Large Intestine Water, Minerals, and Vitamins are absorbed and what’s left is called feces Feces is eliminated, which is called EGESTION

Homeostasis Disrupted Diarrhea: feces is not staying in large intestine and water is not reabsorbed Constipation: feces remain in the large intestine Appendicitis: infection of appendix Ulcer: painful sore in stomach lining r

Fatty acids and Glycerol Organic Molecules Large Molecule ENZYME Broken Down Into Carbohydrates Maltase Simple Sugars Lipids Lipase Fatty acids and Glycerol Proteins Protease Amino Acids

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Circulatory System Nutrients is absorbed in the Villi by capillaries Blood Vessels transport materials by the circulatory system Circulation is the distribution of materials to the body

Pulmonary Circulation Circulatory System Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation Blood goes from heart to lungs to get oxygen Blood goes from heart to the entire body, via the aorta

Heart 4 chambers Muscular 2 Atria 2 Ventricles Pumps blood through Vessels

Atria & Ventricles Right and Left Atria receive blood Right and Left Ventricles pump blood into arteries Right Ventricle sends blood to the lungs through the pulmonary circuit Left Ventricle sends blood to the body through the systemic circuit via the AORTA

Blood Vessels Materials are transported by Blood Vessels Blood Vessels are: 1) Arteries 2) Capillaries 3) Veins

Arteries- carry blood away from heart, are very muscular and elastic Arteries- carry blood away from heart, are very muscular and elastic. The blood here is under pressure Capillaries- connect arteries to veins and are microscopic. GAS EXCHANGE takes place in them Veins- returns blood under LOW pressure from the capillaries, and they have valves

Blood Blood transports materials Parts of Blood: 1) Plasma 2) White Blood Cells 3) Red Blood Cells 4) Platelets

Plasma & Platelets Plasma is the non-living part of blood that transports blood cells, hormones, and waste Platelets- are either red or white, have no nucleus, and are involved in clotting

Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) Red Blood Cells have NO nucleus Made in Bone Marrow Has the iron-rich pigment Hemoglobin which attaches oxygen, called Oxyhemoglobin

Homeostasis Disrupted High Blood Pressure- pressure in the arteries in increased by stress, diet, genetics and it weakens the heart Coronary Thrombosis- type of heart attack caused by a blockage of an artery Anemia- blood does not have enough hemoglobin