The Election of 1796.

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Presentation transcript:

The Election of 1796

Review Loose Interpretation of the Constitution Strict Interpretation of the Constitution Separate Political Parties Precedents set by Washington Isolationism and sectionalism Added “So help me God” to the presidential oath of office Establishes a cabinet Only serve two terms Avoid political parties and sectionalism

Election of 1796 1st openly contested election Federalist = John Adams Democratic-Republicans = Thomas Jefferson Adams won the election 71 to 68 (electoral votes) Adams faced trouble as soon as he took office regarding the Quasi-War with France

Quasi-War with France The Quasi-War was an undeclared war at sea between the United States and France The French were mad about the conditions of Jay’s Treaty between America and Great Britain French ships began seizing goods on American ships headed to Britain Three representatives went to Paris to discuss improving relations with France, this would come to be known as the XYZ Affair

The XYZ Affair Before the French would talk with the representatives they demanded a bribe of $250,000 and asked for a loan of $12 million dollars, Pinckney’s response was no! The Quasi-War came to an end with the signing of the Convention of 1800

War Between the Parties The Federalists in Congress wanted to retaliate against the Republicans B/c of Republicans harsh criticism of Jay’s Treaty and b/f the end of the Quasi-War The Federalist party retaliated with the Alien and Sedition Acts- laws designed to prevent foreigners from voting!

The Alien and Sedition Acts The first three laws confronted aliens 1st law required immigrants to wait 14 years before becoming citizens To weaken the Republican support The 2nd and 3rd laws gave the president the power to deport any alien deemed dangerous to the United States without trial

The Alien and Sedition Acts The 4th law was set to prevent sedition Made it a federal crime to say or print anything “false, scandalous, and malicious” against the federal govt. or any govt. official Depriving citizens of their right to criticize the govt.

Republicans Hit Back Republican-controlled legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia passed resolutions Secretly written by Madison and Jefferson Criticized the Alien and Sedition Acts Both resolutions argued that since states had created the Constitution they could declare federal laws unconstitutional

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions The Virginia Resolutions introduced the idea of interposition (step in) States can interpose and stop any unconstitutional action by the federal gov’t The Kentucky Resolutions advanced the theory of nullification (cancel out/reverse) States have the right to nullify any law given by the federal govt. if that law was unconstitutional