Biology and Crime Early Positivism: the legacy of the early 1900s

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Presentation transcript:

Biology and Crime Early Positivism: the legacy of the early 1900s Sociological Criticism and Dominance New Directions in Biological research Biosocial Interactions

Early Biological Positivism Lombroso’s “born criminal” Darwinistic theory of “atavism” Various theories of the “feeble-minded” Charles Goring, E.A. Hooten body stature and weight The XYY supermale Commonality? 1 immutable factor directly causes crime

Biology from 1940-1980s Any hint of “biological research” was ridiculed, ignored, treated as “taboo.” Akers: this criticism was warranted The use of “knowledge destruction?” 1990s-present: rebirth of biological research Is modern biological research or theory any better?

Is Crime “inherited?” Twin Studies Adoption studies Christianson (1977) “Concordance” rates: MZ (36%), DZ (12%) Criticism of twin studies? Adoption studies “cross fostering” analyses criminal history of biological parents vs. adoptive parents

Cross Fostering Analysis Mednick et al. (1984)

Assuming that something is inherited... “Intelligence” “Physiological Arousal” How our body processes stimuli cortical arousal, CNS measures (heart rate, etc.) Personality/Temperament ADD, ADHD

A “Biosocial” emphasis No modern theory relies solely on biology Interaction of biology and social factors Example: Mednick’s biosocial theory A mix of “socialization” (parenting, SES…) and biology (arousal)

Mednick’s biosocial theory Children refrain from crime when consistently socialized to do so (similar to?) Parental efficacy (consistent rewards/punishment) and social context of parenting Children have different “learning ability” Some do not feel the “sting” of punishment Low cortical arousal, low nesting heart rate, etc. Potent mix = poor parenting and low arousal

POLICY IMPLICATIONS Early Positivism Biosocial Criminology Eugenics (quotes from Hooten, others) Biosocial Criminology Biology may identify “high risk” kids Prevention can target “social” factors