The Circulatory System The Body’s Transport System

The Circulatory System Consists of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products. This body system is also known as the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

The Circulatory System

How the Circulatory System Works Hormones from glands help regulate cell activity. Oxygen from the lungs combines with nutrients to provide energy. Nutrients from the digestive system provide food for the cells.

How the Circulatory System Works Germ fighters (antibodies) from different parts of the body help to fight infection and disease. Wastes are carried to the liver and kidneys for removal from the body. Carbon Dioxide, a waste gas, is carried away and delivered to the lungs, which remove it from the body.

Parts of the Circulatory System Heart: your heart pumps blood through two major pathways. Blood Vessels Blood Pulmonary Circulation: the flow blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. Systemic Circulation: is the flow of blood to all the body tissues except the lungs.

The Heart Consists of four chambers in which blood flows. Blood enters the R atrium and passes through the right ventricle. The R ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary veins which enter the L atrium. From the L atrium blood flows to the L ventricle. The L ventricle pumps blood to the aorta which distributes the oxygenated blood throughout the rest of the body.

Pulmonary Circulation Pulmonary circulation transports oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new oxygen supply. Then oxygen rich blood returns to the left atrium.

Systemic Circulation Systemic circulation provides a functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells. It picks up carbon dioxide and waste products.

Blood Pressure As blood is moved through your body, it exerts pressure against the walls of blood vessels. Systolic Pressure: as your heart contracts to push blood into your arteries, your blood pressure is at its highest point. Diastolic Pressure: As your heart relaxes to refill, blood pressure is at its lowest point.

Arteries, Veins, & Capillaries

Blood Vessels Over 80,000 miles of blood vessels transport your blood throughout your body. There are 3 types of blood vessels. Blood Vessels: A network of tubes Arteries  Arterioles: Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body. Move away from the heart Elastic Fibers Circular Smooth Muscle Tissue

Arteries Large vessels Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of pulmonary arteries. Thick walls are needed to withstand pressure produced when heart pushes blood into them.

Blood Vessels Over 80,000 miles of blood vessels transport your blood throughout your body. There are 3 types of blood vessels. Blood Vessels: A network of tubes Capillaries: Tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cells, and then back to the veins. Where gas exchange takes place. Removal of water, oxygen, glucose. Entrance of water, CO2, uric acid, lactic acid, urea, and creatinine. Serves the respiratory system

Capillaries Smallest blood vessels Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow. Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen to tissues and absorbing CO2 and other waste products. Diffusion in the form of paracellular transport.

Blood Vessels Over 80,000 miles of blood vessels transport your blood throughout your body. There are 3 types of blood vessels. Blood Vessels: A network of tubes Veins  Venules: Blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart. Skeletal Muscles contract to force blood back from legs One way values prevent backflow When they break - varicose veins form

Veins Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it must be returned to the heart. Done by veins Walls contains connective tissue and smooth muscle. Largest veins contain one way valves that keep blood flowing toward heart. Many found near skeletal muscles. When muscles contract, blood is forced through veins.

Care of the Circulatory System Limit fat in your foods. Get regular physical activity. Avoid tobacco. Manage stress.

Blood

Blood: a mixture of solids in a large amount of liquid called plasma. Plasma: is about 92% water. It transports blood solids, nutrients, hormones, and other materials. Red Blood Cells: carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from them.

Blood: a mixture of solids in a large amount of liquid called plasma. White Blood Cells: help fight disease and infection by attacking germs that enter the body. Platelets: help blood form a clot at the site of a wound. A clot seals a cut and prevents excessive blood loss.

Blood Plasma Plasma proteins Liquid portion of the blood. Contains clotting factors, hormones, antibodies, dissolved gases, nutrients and waste Straw colored 90% water 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, wastes, and proteins. Plasma proteins 3 Types: Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen. Albumins and Globulins- transport substances such as fatty acids, hormones and vitamins. Fibrinogen- Responsible for blood’s ability to clot

Blood Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes Carry hemoglobin and oxygen. Do not have a nucleus and live only about 120 days. Can not repair themselves. Most numerous type Transport oxygen Get color from hemoglobin Disk shaped Made in red bone marrow

Blood White Blood Cells Leukocytes Five types: neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes. Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria Number of WBC’s increases when body is fighting Lymphocytes produce antibodies which fight pathogens and remember them

Blood Platelets Thrombocytes These are cell fragment that are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Clot Blood by sticking together – via protein fibers called fibrin. Stick to edges of broken blood cell and secrete clotting factor to help form clot.

Diseases & Disorders of the Circulatory System Hemophilia Genetic disorder that disrupts clotting Bleeder’s disease, due to lack of fibrinogen in thrombocytes People must be very careful to avoid injury Can be treated by injecting extracts that contain the missing clotting factor.

Diseases & Disorders of the Circulatory System Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is consistently higher than normal, which can lead to heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure. Stroke usually results from blood clots that block vessels in the brain, or from the rupture of a blood vessel.

Diseases & Disorders of the Circulatory System Anemia is an abnormally low level of hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in red blood cells. Leukemia is a disease in which extra white blood cells are produced. Heart Murmur is an abnormal heart beat, caused by valve problems Myocardial Infarction: blood vessels around the heart become blocked with plaque, also called heart attack