Jeff Vetsch and Gyles Randall University of Minnesota

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Presentation transcript:

Developing an N Algorithm for Northern Corn Belt Rainfed Conditions: Minnesota Experience Jeff Vetsch and Gyles Randall University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center http://sroc.coafes.umn.edu/ 7/24/2019

Developing a MN N Algorithm: Objective To develop an algorithm (nitrogen recommendation) for sidedress application that would: Maximize economic return to nitrogen Increase fertilizer use efficiency, and Incorporate some recently proposed and refined N recommendations, based on a regional database project. 7/24/2019

7/24/2019

2004 remote sensing for N on corn Previous crop: Corn removed for silage Soil: Nicollet-Webster complex N applied: 4/30 (PP), 6/28 (V8), 7/13 (V12) Sensing dates: 6/23 (V7), 6/28 (V8), 7/7 (V10), 7/12 (V12), and 7/26 (R1). 7/24/2019

------------------- lb N/A ------------------- Corn grain yield and N uptake as affected by rate and time of N application. Total Application Time Corn Grain N Rate PP V8 V12 Yield N Uptake ------------------- lb N/A ------------------- bu/A lb/A 92 40 146 68 80 176 120 177 99 160 190 117 200 188 164 88 113 114 166 84 185 105 186 109

Nebraska Approach 7/24/2019

Corn grain yield vs relative chlorophyll 7/24/2019

Relative chlorophyll vs N rate at V8 7/24/2019

Relative chlorophyll vs N rate at V10 7/24/2019

Relative chlorophyll vs N rate at V12 7/24/2019

Relative chlorophyll vs N rate at R1 7/24/2019

Relative chlorophyll vs N rate at R1 7/24/2019

Predicted values based MN algorithm N Rate V8 V10 V12 R1 lb/A -------------- relative chlorophyll, % -------------- 80.7 80.5 79.4 70.9 10 86.2 85.0 82.9 75.2 20 90.6 88.9 86.0 79.1 30 93.9 92.0 88.8 82.6 40 96.1 94.4 91.3 85.8 50 97.2 93.4 88.6 60 97.4 97.1 95.1 91.0 70 97.3 96.5 93.0 80 97.5 94.6 90 98.2 95.9 100 98.6 96.7 110 120 130 140 150

Sidedress N rates: MN algorithm 1201 – N rate credit2 = sidedress rate Based on 2004 yield data, where a total of 120 lb N/A split applied yielded as well as 160 lb applied PP. Based on relative chlorophyll content and response curve at respective growth stage.

Application rates for the 2005 regional N project Minnesota Treatments (V12 sensing, July 7) Chlorophyll MN Algorithm N Rate Plot Trt N rate SPAD Rel.1 Credit Applied # lb/A % ------ lb N/A ------ 104 11 39.0 0.82 5 115 204 38.4 0.83 10 110 303 41.0 0.84 15 105 411 39.9 0.86 20 100 12 40 46.8 0.98 90 30 208 44.8 0.97 70 50 313 45.8 0.94 412 44.9 0.96 1 Relative calculated using 200 lb rate as reference (non limiting).

Growing season precipitation at Waseca in 2005

MN “Norwegian” algorithm: First-year experiences Advantages Simple intuitive / similar to Nebraska approach SPAD very good predictor of grain yield at V10-12 Fits well with our new approach to N recommendations. Disadvantages / concerns Algorithm based on ONE YEAR OF DATA (2004) Need to adapt it to on-the-go sensing / application Not sure if it will work for other soils / crop rotations Still need a timely rain – cooperative weather Need more out of range plots Is 120 lb N/A needed at sidedress or has yield potential already been lost and cannot be attained, and how does growth stage affect recs.

Southern Research and Outreach Center THANKS Jeff Vetsch Assistant Scientist Southern Research and Outreach Center jvetsch@umn.edu http://sroc.coafes.umn.edu/ 7/24/2019

---------- inches ---------- Precipitation Month 2004 2005 30-yr norm. ---------- inches ---------- May 5.61 5.96 3.96 June 6.42 5.71 4.22 July 7.08 3.09 4.47 August 5.73 -- 4.58 Sept. 6.92 3.19 Total 31.76 20.42 7/24/2019

Application rates for the 2005 regional N project Minnesota treatments (est., V10 sensing, July 2) Chlorophyll MN Algorithm N Rate Plot Trt N rate SPAD Rel.1 Predicted Applied # lb/A % ------ lb N/A ------ 104 11 40.2 0.82 5 115 204 40.9 0.86 15 105 303 43.6 411 41.5 086 10 110 12 40 45.3 0.93 35 85 208 46.1 0.97 60 313 45.6 0.90 25 95 412 47.1 0.98 65 55 1 Relative calculated using 200 lb rate as reference (non limiting).

Application rates for the 2005 regional N project Nebraska treatments (V10 sensing, July 2) Chlorophyll MN Algorithm N Rate Plot Trt N rate SPAD Rel.1 Predicted Applied # lb/A % ------ lb N/A ------ 103 7 45.8 0.94 90 75 214 46.5 0.98 140 25 308 46.8 0.93 77 88 409 47.0 0.97 130 35 113 8 40 45.2 80 85 202 0.99 180 312 47.4 410 46.7 120 45 52 1 Relative calculated using 200 lb rate as reference (non limiting).