Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 61-69 (January 1974) Sex Determination  Keith L. Moore, PhD, FIAC  JOGN nursing  Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 61-69 (January 1974) DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1974.tb00577.x Copyright © 1974 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Oral epithelial nuclei stained with cresyl echt violet (Magnification: × 2000). A. Chromatin positive nucleus in an oral smear preparation from a normal female. The arrow indicates a typical mass of sex chromatin. B. Chromatin negative nucleus in a similar preparation from a normal male. Sex chromatin is not visible in cells of males with the XY sex chromosome complex. (From Moore, K. L., and M. L. Barr: Lancet 2:57, 1955.) JOGN nursing 1974 3, 61-69DOI: (10.1111/j.1552-6909.1974.tb00577.x) Copyright © 1974 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Schematic sections illustrating differentiation of the indifferent gonads into testes or ovaries. A. Six weeks showing the indifferent gonads composed of an outer cortex and an inner medulla. B. Seven weeks showing testes developing as the result of the influence of genes on the Y chromosome. Note that the primary sex cords have become seminiferous cords. C. Twelve weeks showing ovaries developing in the absence of a Y chromosome influence. Secondary sex or cortical cords have extended from the germinal epithelium and the primary sex cords have formed the rudimentary rete ovarii. D. Testis at 20weeks showing the rete testis and the seminiferous tubules derived from the seminiferous cords. E. Ovary at 20weeks showing the primordial follicles formed from the cortical cords. The mesonephric tubule and duct are regressing. F. Section of a seminiferous tubule from a 20-week fetus. G. Section of the ovarian cortex from a 20-week fetus showing three primordial follicles. (From Moore, K. L.: The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology, 1973. Courtesy of the W. B. Saunders Co.) JOGN nursing 1974 3, 61-69DOI: (10.1111/j.1552-6909.1974.tb00577.x) Copyright © 1974 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 A. Sketch of a frontal view of the posterior abdominal wall of a seven-week embryo showing the two pairs of genital ducts present during the indifferent stage. B. Lateral view of a nine-week fetus showing the sinus (Müllerian) tubercle on the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus. (From Moore, K. L.: The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology, 1973. Courtesy of the W. B. Saunders Co,) JOGN nursing 1974 3, 61-69DOI: (10.1111/j.1552-6909.1974.tb00577.x) Copyright © 1974 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 A and B. Diagrams illustrating development of the external genitalia during the indifferent stage (four to seven weeks). C, D, and G. Stages in the development of male external genitalia at about 9, 11, and 12weeks respectively. To the left are schematic transverse sections (C1, E1 to E3 and G1) through the developing penis illustrating formation of the penile urethra. D, F, and H. Stages in the development of female external genitalia at 9, 11, and 12weeks respectively. (From Moore, K. L.: The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology, 1973. Courtesy of the W. B. Saunders Co.) JOGN nursing 1974 3, 61-69DOI: (10.1111/j.1552-6909.1974.tb00577.x) Copyright © 1974 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Photographs of the external genitalia of females with pseudohermaphroditism resulting from congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. A and B. Note the clitoral hypertrophy and partial fusion of the labia majora. C and D. More extensive masculinization. The clitoris looks like a micropenis and the labia majora have fused into a scrotum-like structure. The genitalia are displayed in D to show the opening of the urogenital sinus (arrow) and the large clitoris. (From Moore, K. L.: The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology, 1973. Courtesy pf the W. B. Saunders Co.) JOGN nursing 1974 3, 61-69DOI: (10.1111/j.1552-6909.1974.tb00577.x) Copyright © 1974 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Schematic lateral views of the female urogenital system. A. Normal. B. Female pseudohermaphrodite caused by congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. Note the enlarged clitoris and the persistent urogenital sinus. (From Moore, K. L. The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology, 1973. Courtesy of the W. B. Saunders Co.) JOGN nursing 1974 3, 61-69DOI: (10.1111/j.1552-6909.1974.tb00577.x) Copyright © 1974 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 A. Photograph of a 17-year-old girl with the syndrome of testicular feminization. B. Photomicrograph of a section through the testis removed from this female’s inguinal region. No spermatogonia are visible in the seminiferous tubules; numerous supporting or sustentacular cells of Sertoli are present. (From Jones, H. W., and W. W. Scott: Hermaphroditism, Genital Anomalies and Related Endocrine Disorders, 1958. Courtesy of the Williams and Wilkins Co.) JOGN nursing 1974 3, 61-69DOI: (10.1111/j.1552-6909.1974.tb00577.x) Copyright © 1974 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions

JOGN nursing 1974 3, 61-69DOI: (10.1111/j.1552-6909.1974.tb00577.x) Copyright © 1974 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions