Proteins

Proteins Proteins are complex macromolecules (polymers) made up of structural units (monomers) which are amino acids.

Proteins Amino acids are made up of: 1.a basic group- the amino group NH2 , 2.an acidic group- carboxyl group COOH (Those two groups are the functional groups in the amino acid),

Proteins Amino acids are made up of: 3.a hydrogen atom and 4.terminal group R which differs from an amino acid to another.

Proteins Amino acids and building of protein Proteins are made up of repeated units of amino acids which link with each other by peptide bonds.

Proteins Amino acids and building of protein these bonds are present between the carboxyl group of an amino acid with an amino group of another amino acid, with the removal of water due to this combination.

Proteins Amino acids and building of protein these bonds are present between the carboxyl group of an amino acid with an amino group of another amino acid, with the removal of water due to this combination.

Proteins Structure:

Proteins Structure: There are 20 different types of amino acids such as: -Glycine -Alanine –Valine The type of protein depends on: • The number of amino acids • The type of amino acids used • The order of amino acids

Proteins Importance Structural Functional

Proteins Importance: Structural importance: cell membrane

Proteins Importance: Structural importance: muscles

Proteins Importance: Structural importance: ligaments, tendons

Proteins Importance: Structural importance: Glands

Proteins Importance: Structural importance: nails,hair (Keratine)

Proteins Importance: Structural importance: Vital Fluids: blood and the lymph

Proteins Importance: Structural importance: Bone growth

Proteins Importance: Structural importance: Chromosomes

Proteins Importance: Structural importance: cell membrane muscles, ligaments, tendons, organs, glands, nails,hair blood and the lymph Bone growth Chromosomes

Proteins Importance: Functional importance: enzymes and hormones which stimulate and regulate all the vital processes

Classification of proteins : Simple proteins : present in the leaves &roots of plants and human blood plasma. Formed of amino acids ONLY Such as : albumin

2) Conjugated proteins *formed of amino acids and other elements * Amino acids + Nucleic acids Amino acids + phosphorus Amino acids + Iodine Chromatin *nucleic protein* Amino acid + iron Casein *phospho protein in Milk * Thyroxin *secreted from thyroid gland * Haemoglobin *inside red blood cells *