Effects of metformin on body mass index, menstrual cyclicity, and ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome  Derek A Haas, M.D., Bruce R Carr, M.D., George R Attia, M.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 79, Issue 3, Pages 469-481 (March 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04800-8

FIGURE 1 Sixty-one obese (BMI >28) women with PCOS were randomized to receive either metformin (500 mg three times per day) or placebo for 34 days. If ovulation had not occurred, patients were continued on the same drug while adding CC 50 mg for 5 days. Ovulation was defined by serum P >8 ng/mL (3). Haas. Metformin effects in women with PCOS. Fertil Steril 2003. Fertility and Sterility 2003 79, 469-481DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04800-8)

FIGURE 2 Twenty-seven obese, CC-resistant women with PCOS were randomized to receive metformin (500 mg three times per day) or placebo for 7 weeks. Patients not ovulating during this time continued to take their study drug, while CC 50 mg was added for 5 days. If ovulation did not occur, CC was increased by 50 mg each cycle. Ovulation was defined by serum P >4 ng/mL (23). Haas. Metformin effects in women with PCOS. Fertil Steril 2003. Fertility and Sterility 2003 79, 469-481DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04800-8)

FIGURE 3 Twenty lean, CC-resistant women with PCOS were randomized to receive metformin (500 mg three times per day) or placebo for 3 months. If no ovulation had occurred by 3 months, CC 100 mg was added for 5 days. Serum P was measured weekly. Ovulation was defined by serum P >5 ng/mL (24). Haas. Metformin effects in women with PCOS. Fertil Steril 2003. Fertility and Sterility 2003 79, 469-481DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04800-8)

FIGURE 4 Twenty CC-resistant women with PCOS were randomized into two groups of 10 each. Group A was stimulated with FSH alone for two cycles and then treated with metformin (500 mg three times per day) for 1 month. For their third cycle, they were treated with both metformin and FSH. Group B was treated with metformin (500 mg three times per day) for 1 month before their one stimulation cycle using both metformin and FSH (25). Haas. Metformin effects in women with PCOS. Fertil Steril 2003. Fertility and Sterility 2003 79, 469-481DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04800-8)