Indicators to Assess the Performance of the Bioeconomy Strategy NACI Workshop on the South African Bioeconomy 5 April, 2019   David Kaplan University of Cape Town david.kaplan@uct.ac.za

Bioeconomy strategies: Countries 49 countries worldwide have created policy strategies related to bio-economy development 15 have developed dedicated bio-economy policy strategies Austria, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Estonia, Iceland, Japan and the United Kingdom preparing dedicated bio-economy strategies

The Bioeconomy: Definition Widespread adoption of the term bio-economy. However No common definition Evolving over time “the knowledge-based production and utilization of biological resources, innovative biological processes and principles to sustainably provide goods and services across all economic sectors” “ the production and utilization of biological resources to generate high-value bio-based products” Traditional bio-economy sectors Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture Related processing and service industries, such as food, paper, textiles, building and construction, chemistry and bio-pharma

Key Performance Indicators KPIs can be applied at the level of the entire bioeconomy and at sectoral level Cross-country KPI comparisons complex Cross-time KPI comparisons complex

Two Sets of KPIs are Required At the level of the bioeconomy: economy wide KPIs At the level of innovation (the DST’s contribution to the strategy): KPIs that measure the contribution of innovation to economy wide changes

Economy wide KPIs: Output and Employment Output Measures The bioeconomy share of national GDP The bioeconomy rate of growth   Employment measures Total employment Employment by skill level

Economy wide KPIs: Export and Investment Export measures Bioeconomy exports The share of bioeconomy exports in total exports   Investment measures GFCF for the bioeconomy Bioeconomy’s share in GFCF for the economy as a whole Note: KPIs apply at each of the “sectoral” levels: agriculture, health, manufacturing

Contribution of innovation/R&D KPIs: Inputs Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) in the bioeconomy Business Expenditure on R&D (BERD) in the bioeconomy The number of researchers (FTE) performing R&D in the bioeconomy  

Contribution of innovation/R&D KPIs: Technology Outputs Science Number of and citations for SA authored publications in peer reviewed biotech international journals Technology Number and the share of SA patents in biotechnology registered in USPTO and EPO Citations of SA patents in biotechnology registered in the USPTO and the EPO (Number of patents in biotechnology registered in SA by locals Number of patents in biotechnology registered in SA by foreigners)

Contribution of innovation/R&D KPIs: Economic Impact Number of bio-technology firms undertaking innovation Number of black- and female-owned innovative bio-technology firms For firms undertaking innovation in bio-technology turnover generated by innovative products and production processes and the share of turnover innovation expenditures as a share of firm turnover

Contribution of Innovation/R&D KPIs: Exports Enhanced innovation will be expressed in increased export sophistication, i.e. more higher value exports PRODY GDP per capita of each country that exports the good, weighted by the relative share in the export basket EXPY PRODY of each good that the country exports, weighted by that good’s share in the country’s export basket: the income level associated with a country’s export package

KPI Related to Exports

Application Data is easily obtainable allowing for frequent monitoring Evaluation: yearly but recognising that the full impacts of the strategy may not be felt in the short and even medium term

What is not encompassed in these KPIs The bioeconomy strategy has numerous goals and objectives which would require other KPIs, e.g. Agriculture: enhanced food security Health: increased longevity Industry: cleaner environment

Thank you David Kaplan david.kaplan@uct.ac.za