Age- and Gender-Related Differences in Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Calcium With Cardioplegia and Diazoxide James D. McCully, PhD, Anthony J.

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Age- and Gender-Related Differences in Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Calcium With Cardioplegia and Diazoxide James D. McCully, PhD, Anthony J. Rousou, MD, Robert A. Parker, ScD, Sidney Levitsky, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 83, Issue 3, Pages 1102-1109 (March 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.10.059 Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Experimental protocol. Hearts were perfused for 30 minutes to establish equilibrium hemodynamics. Control hearts (top bar) were perfused without global ischemia at 37°C for 75 minutes. Global ischemia (GI) hearts (middle bar) underwent 30 minutes of perfusion for equilibrium (left clear area), 30 minutes of GI (black area), and 15 minutes of reperfusion (right clear area). Potassium/magnesium (K/Mg) hearts and K/Mg + diazoxide (DZX) hearts (bottom bar) underwent 30 minutes of perfusion for equilibrium (right clear area), then received either K/Mg or K/Mg + DZX (gray area) at the start of global ischemia (black area) and 15 minutes of reperfusion (right clear area). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2007 83, 1102-1109DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.10.059) Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Left ventricular peak developed pressure (LVPDP) during 30 minutes of equilibrium, 30 minutes of global ischemia, and 15 minutes of reperfusion for control (clear square, filled square), global ischemia (GI; open circle, male; filled circle, female), potassium/magnesium (K/Mg; clear diamond, male; solid diamond, female), and K/Mg + diazoxide (DZX; clear triangle, male; filled triangle, female) hearts in (A) mature male (n = 8) and mature female (n = 7) and (B): aged male (n = 7) and aged female (n = 7). All results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean. *Significant differences at p < 0.001 versus control. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2007 83, 1102-1109DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.10.059) Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 State 3 (active) oxygen consumption (adenosine diphosphate-stimulated respiration) in (A) malate-induced (complex I) and (B) succinate induced (complex II) energized mitochondria (nM O2/min/mg mitochondrial protein) in mature male (white bars), mature female (black bars) and aged male (dotted bars) and aged female (gray bars), control (after 75 minutes perfusion) global ischemia (GI), potassium/magnesium (K/Mg), and K/Mg + diazoxide (DZX) energized mitochondria after 30 minutes of global ischemia and 15 minutes of reperfusion. All results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (7 to 8 animals for each group). *Significant differences at p < 0.001 versus male treatment group. **Significant differences at p < 0.001 versus mature treatment group. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2007 83, 1102-1109DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.10.059) Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions