Impact of GALK loss on acute and long-term outcomes in GALT-null Drosophila. Impact of GALK loss on acute and long-term outcomes in GALT-null Drosophila.

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Impact of GALK loss on acute and long-term outcomes in GALT-null Drosophila. Impact of GALK loss on acute and long-term outcomes in GALT-null Drosophila. (A) Survival of GALT-null and control (GALT+) larvae, with and without GALK, to adulthood when raised on food containing 555 mM glucose with or without 200 mM galactose (gal). Loss of GALK diminished survival rates of both control and GALT-null animals in both the presence and absence of galactose. For GALT+ animals these differences were significant: P=0.0172 in the absence of galactose and P<0.0001 in the presence of 200 mM galactose, but for GALT-null animals these differences were not significant (P>0.05 in both comparisons). (B) Climbing ability of male flies reared at 28°C in the absence of dietary galactose. Deletion of GALK (upper graph) not only failed to rescue this phenotype but had a significant negative impact on climbing ability for both GALT+ (P<0.0001) and GALT-null (P=0.0006) flies. Knockdown (KD) of GALK (lower graph) also failed to rescue the climbing phenotype of GALT-null flies and further demonstrated a negative impact on this outcome that was independent of GALT. (C) Fecundity of female flies reared at 28°C in the absence of dietary galactose. Genetic deletion of GALK (upper graph) caused a striking decline in numbers of viable progeny from GALT+ crosses (P<0.0001) and also exacerbated the diminished number of viable offspring resulting from crosses of GALT-null files (P<0.0001). Knockdown of GALK (lower graph) also failed to rescue the fecundity defect of GALT-null females but did not otherwise appear to impact this outcome. Values plotted represent mean±s.e.m.; the number of cohorts tested for each genotype (n) is indicated on the figure. P-values were calculated using an effects model, as described in Materials and Methods, and a t-test for pair-wise comparisons. Jennifer M. I. Daenzer et al. Dis. Model. Mech. 2016;9:1375-1382 © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd