An analysis of multiple staging management strategies for carcinoma of the esophagus: computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasound, positron emission tomography, and thoracoscopy/laparoscopy Michael B Wallace, MD, MPH, Paul J Nietert, PhD, Craig Earle, MD, Mark J Krasna, MD, Robert H Hawes, MD, Brenda J Hoffman, MD, Carolyn E Reed, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 74, Issue 4, Pages 1026-1032 (October 2002) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03875-4
Fig 1 Esophageal cancer staging model. (Conf. Bx = confirmatory biopsy; CT = computed tomography; EUS = endoscopic ultrasound; L/R = local or regional disease; PCO = palliative care only; PET = positron emission tomography; R & FU = esophageal resection and follow-up treatment; TL = thoracoscopy and laparoscopy.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 1026-1032DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03875-4)