In situ hemodynamics of perforating veins in chronic venous insufficiency Konstantinos T. Delis, MSc, MD, PhD, Marc Husmann, MD, Evi Kalodiki, MD, PhD,

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In situ hemodynamics of perforating veins in chronic venous insufficiency Konstantinos T. Delis, MSc, MD, PhD, Marc Husmann, MD, Evi Kalodiki, MD, PhD, John H. Wolfe, MS, FRCS, Andrew N. Nicolaides, MS, FRCS Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 33, Issue 4, Pages 773-782 (April 2001) DOI: 10.1067/mva.2001.112707 Copyright © 2001 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 A , Perforator diameter measured at the fascial level and B , duration of perforator flow on release of manual distal leg compression (median and interquartile range) in 265 perforators across the spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency. Incompetent (Inc ) perforators are stratified according to CEAP classes and anatomic level (thigh and calf; upper, middle, and lower calf). A , Incompetent versus competent (Comp ) perforators, P <.0001; thigh or lower calf versus upper-middle calf, P ≤.04. B , Incompetent versus competent perforators, P <.0001. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2001 33, 773-782DOI: (10.1067/mva.2001.112707) Copyright © 2001 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 A , Peak velocity and B , time to peak velocity (median and interquartile range) of (outward) perforator flow on release of manual distal leg compression in 265 perforators, across the spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency. Incompetent (Inc ) perforators are stratified according to CEAP classes and anatomic level (thigh and calf; upper, middle and lower calf). A , Incompetent versus competent (Comp ) perforators, P <.0001; CEAP3-4 versus CEAP1-2, P =.024. B , Incompetent versus competent perforators, P <.0001. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2001 33, 773-782DOI: (10.1067/mva.2001.112707) Copyright © 2001 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 A , Mean velocity and B , volume flow (median and interquartile range) of perforator reflux (265 perforators) on release of distal leg compression, across the spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency. Incompetent (Inc ) perforators are stratified according to CEAP classes and anatomic level (thigh and calf; upper, middle, and lower calf). A , Incompetent versus competent (Comp ) perforators, P <.0001; CEAP or anatomic differences all nonsignificant, P >.34. B , Incompetent versus competent perforators, P <.0001; CEAP differences all nonsignificant, P >.42; thigh versus upper-middle calf, P <.03. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2001 33, 773-782DOI: (10.1067/mva.2001.112707) Copyright © 2001 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Venous volume displaced outward (median and interquartile range) in 265 perforators on release of manual distal leg-compression, across the spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency. Incompetent (Inc ) perforators are stratified according to CEAP classes and anatomic level (thigh and calf; upper, middle, and lower calf). Incompetent versus competent (Comp ) perforators, P <.0001; thigh versus upper-middle calf, P =.03. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2001 33, 773-782DOI: (10.1067/mva.2001.112707) Copyright © 2001 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 A , Mean velocity and B , venous volume (median and interquartile range) during the first second of outward perforator flow on release of manual distal leg compression in 265 perforators, across the spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency. Incompetent perforators are stratified according to CEAP classes. A , Incompetent versus competent perforators, P <.0001; mean velocity CEAP3-6 or CEAP3-4 versus CEAP1-2, P <.001. B , Incompetent versus competent perforators, P <.0001; venous volume CEAP3-6 or CEAP3-4 or CEAP5-6 versus CEAP1-2, P <.009. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2001 33, 773-782DOI: (10.1067/mva.2001.112707) Copyright © 2001 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 A , Volume flow and B , flow pulsatility (median and interquartile range) during the first second of (outward) perforator flow on release of manual distal leg compression in 265 perforators, across the spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency. Incompetent perforators are stratified according to CEAP classes. A , Incompetent versus competent perforators, P <.0001; CEAP3-6 or CEAP3-4 or CEAP5-6 versus CEAP1-2, P <.009. B , Incompetent versus competent perforators, P <.0001; CEAP5-6 versus CEAP1-2, P =.015. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2001 33, 773-782DOI: (10.1067/mva.2001.112707) Copyright © 2001 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions