Duration of antibiotic therapy according to clinical pulmonary infection score in a randomised trial of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically.

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Figure 1. Algorithm for classifying patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia according to the Consensus Statement of the American Thoracic Society. Adapted.

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Physiological changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients which occur in response to pregnancy. Physiological changes in pulmonary arterial.

Targeted antibiotic management of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Schematic representation of the potential clinical courses of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Schematic representation of the potential clinical courses.

The effect of sequential addition of sildenafil to first-line epoprostenol on exercise capacity measured using 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in the PACES.

Flowchart showing the requirement for starting, documenting and evaluating the effect on quality of life (QoL) of interdisciplinary best supportive care.

Time frames for the application of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure (ARF) according to the severity and end-of-life.

Plexiform lesion from a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension demonstrating the exuberant proliferation of cells that comprise the lumen of the small.

Levofloxacin in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Level of physical activity by Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage, BODE (body mass index, FEV1 for airflow obstruction, dyspnoea,

Treatment algorithm for managing chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), from the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society.

Extent of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated ILD. A simple stratification that utilises pulmonary function.

Representative diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) tracings at rest (a and b) and during maximum voluntary ventilation (c and d) in a healthy subject (a and.

Patterns of p53 mutations according to smoking habits in a) all lung cancers minus nonsmokers (n = 1,289), b) smokers with lung cancer (n = 419), c) nonsmokers.

Probability of death as a function of the number of months after randomisation in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial comparing medical therapy (––––)

Reverse remodelling of left and right cavities under specific therapy in a patient with severe idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. a) Before specific.

Difference of oxygen uptake efficiency (OUE; oxygen uptake (V′O2)/minute ventilation (V′E)) plateau between a typical pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in relation to active smoking, stratified by age. □: nonsmokers; ▒: 1–10 cigarettes per day; ░: 11–20 cigarettes per day;

Diagnostic imaging of distal chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension lesions. a) Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy. b) Conventional pulmonary angiography.

Unclassifiable interstitial fibrosis.

3-year survival of lung cancer patients in the general population and in those with a prior diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple drawing. Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple.

Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance by country and antibiotic

A summary of the pathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical implications of the pulmonary vascular and cardiac abnormalities in interstitial lung disease.

The projected numbers of tobacco-related deaths between 2000–2035 in millions for a) the world and b) medium- and low-income countries (top) and high-income.

Forest plot comparison of mucolytics versus placebo for the number of exacerbations per patient per month. Forest plot comparison of mucolytics versus.

Elastic staining of paraffin-embedded lung tissue.

The changing distribution of endothelin (ET)A and ETB subtypes with decreasing vessel diameter. a) ET-1 binding and b) distribution of ETA and ETB receptors.

Mean change from baseline in 6-min walking distance (6MWD) in the Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Soluble Guanylate Cyclase–Stimulator Trial.

Effect of omalizumab on change from baseline (B) in a) total asthma symptom score, b) total rhinitis symptom score, and c) combined asthma and rhinitis.

Proteinase activated receptor-1 expression in a) weak immunostaining in normal lung tissue, b) intense immunostaining in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,

Kaplan–Meier curves for the probability of a first adjudicated primary end-point event in the AMBITION trial, suggesting that the primary outcome events.

Survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on aetiology. •: congenital heart disease; ▪: collagen vascular disease; ▵: HIV-related;

Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the history of chronic cough/phlegm. Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Number of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) patients with newly isolated micro-organisms from endotracheal aspirates after initiation of antibiotic.

Model for the association between pathological features, physiological alterations and their association with pathological and clinical features. Model.

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram of studies identified to investigate the role of domestic volatile.

Proportion of patients in each World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) at the time of pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated systemic sclerosis.

Cumulative survival estimates for the subgroup of 127 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli according.

Exposure to intermittent hypoxia after 13 nights led to an increase in sympathetic activity measured by muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Exposure.

The effect of inhaled tiotropium (18 μg once daily) on the improvement in treadmill exercise endurance time in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary.

Kaplan–Meier survival curves for baseline cardiac magnetic resonance imaging variables according to the median value in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Survival of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients in World Health Organization functional class (FC) at baseline IV is extremely poor.

Kaplan–Meier plots for a) clinical worsening and b) survival in the overall population during the Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Soluble.

Example scans for a typical patient with operable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. a) Perfusion (Q′) and b) ventilation (V′) lung scans.

The “route to quit” model, which indicates the contribution of different ways of quitting to overall rates of smoking cessation. #: in most cases nicotine.

Proportion of participants with access to a, b) a radiologist and c, d) a pathologist experienced in interstitial lung diseases to discuss cases of suspected.

Cumulative mortality over 60 months in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and an initial forced expiratory volume in 1 s

Cardiac index (CI) changes from baseline following single oral doses of riociguat (○) 1 mg and 2.5 mg compared with inhaled nitric oxide (•) in patients.

Distribution of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) in relation to functional class (FC) for congenital heart disease patients with a) atrial septal.

Effect of omalizumab (n = 209) on a) clinically significant and b) severe exacerbation rates, compared with placebo (n = 210). #: adjustment due to a pre-study.

Forest plot from meta-analysis carried out on four studies including high-dose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment a) assessing the relative risk of chronic.

Correlation between inspiratory capacity (IC)/total lung capacity (TLC) ratio and oxygen pulse at peak exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Survival rates in older (>65 years) compared with younger (18–65 years) patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. a) Expected ( )

Clinical findings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)

Distribution and change of the underlying disease in patients discharged with home mechanical ventilation (n = 854). ♦: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;

Evidence-based indications for noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) according to the severity and time of acute respiratory failure (ARF) [18].

24-h blood pressure profile after a, d) one night of intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure, b, e) 13 nights IH exposure and c, f) 5 days after cessation of.

Pulmonary artery pressure in a) healthy subjects and b) pulmonary hypertension (PH) subjects. Pulmonary artery pressure in a) healthy subjects and b) pulmonary.

A) Chest radiograph of a 37-year-old male mountaineer with high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) showing a patchy to confluent distribution of oedema,

Mean change from baseline in percentage predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) in the a) phase III CAPACITY [27] and b) ASCEND [14] studies. #: n=174; ¶:

Drugs that target the prostacyclin pathway and their routes of administration. #: approved only by the US Food and Drug Administration; ¶: approved only.

Baseline New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) predicts survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension using infused epoprostenol therapy.

Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of a representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient with different degrees.

Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of three representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different degrees.

Diagnostic algorithm for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

High-resolution computed tomography images of smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). a) Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, b) respiratory.

Cardiac index (CI) changes from baseline following single oral doses of riociguat (Rio) compared with inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in patients with chronic.

Effect of placebo (n=88) and bosentan (n=80) on the co-primary end-point pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the EARLY (Endothelial Antagonist Trial.

Presentation transcript:

Duration of antibiotic therapy according to clinical pulmonary infection score in a randomised trial of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). r = 0.419; p<0.001. Duration of antibiotic therapy according to clinical pulmonary infection score in a randomised trial of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). r = 0.419; p<0.001. Reprinted from [10] with permission from the publisher. J. Chastre, and C. E. Luyt Eur Respir Rev 2007;16:40-44 ©2007 by European Respiratory Society