West Nile Virus By Robbie Bodnar

History and Transmission Emerged in Africa 1000 years ago Came to the U.S. in 1999 in New York City Found in Africa, Asia, Middle East, North America, few cases in Europe Most cases are during the warmer months

Carriers in the U.S. Culex pipiens Culex tarsalis Culex quinquefasciatus

Symptoms Horses: Listlessness, stumbling around, weakness in limbs, ataxia, partial paralysis, death Fever not usually observed Birds: Not necessarily observed until encephalitis Might appear drowsy, unable to fly and walk

Treatments Control is mainly by eliminating mosquito breeding sites INNOVATOR™, Prevenile™, Recombitek™