Domestic work: some evidence from research From unpaid work to paid work From paid work to formal employment Few facts and figures 30/06/2019

Household services – gendered work Child care Elder care Domestic work / cleaning Home maintenance Catering Often involves combination of care/cleaning/cooking Big part of the 5 Cs 30/06/2019

Growing (unmet) demand for household services due to Demographic developments Changing patterns of employment and income Social and cultural changes Policy incentives 30/06/2019

European Foundation research ‘Employment in household services’ Eight Member States – Austria Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, UK Review, locality studies, interviews with employers and workers Conceptual problems 30/06/2019

Policy measures to stimulate employment in household services EU level: employment, local development, entrepreneurship, ESF National level: - Expansion and relocation of care services - Activation schemes for excluded groups - Tax credits for families or employers - Home care allowances for carers of dependents 30/06/2019

Scale of employment growth Evident but not uniform No accurate statistics but undeclared work looks very significant Child care and food services show highest growth Many self-employed Third sector and public sector organisations more evident than private sector – but much private purchase by individuals 30/06/2019

Quality of employment – variable but with many issues around Pay Social protection Working hours Career prospects Jobs for women, including older women Integration of migrant workers 30/06/2019

Policy objectives Employment creation Good working conditions Equal opportunities to access qualified occupations Work-life balance 30/06/2019

Policy dilemmas Professionalisation or large-scale job creation (for unqualified workers) Integration of unqualified workers Promoting female employment and desegregation Quality versus cost Coordination of national policy with local initiative Future sustainability of formal employment 30/06/2019