Cooling Gradients and Formation of Gaseous Microemboli With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: An Echocardiographic Study Hans J Geissler, Steven J Allen, Uwe Mehlhorn,

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Presentation transcript:

Cooling Gradients and Formation of Gaseous Microemboli With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: An Echocardiographic Study Hans J Geissler, Steven J Allen, Uwe Mehlhorn, Karen L Davis, E.Rainer de Vivie, Mark Kurusz, Bruce D Butler The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 64, Issue 1, Pages 100-104 (July 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)82824-X

Fig. 1 Cardiopulmonary bypass circuit and placement of echocardiographic and Doppler probes for emboli detection. (A-V = arteriovenous; Echo = echocardiography.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 64, 100-104DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)82824-X)

Fig. 2 Influence of temperature gradient on incidence of emboli detection. The asterisk indicates p < 0.01 versus 0°C (control). (n.d. = no emboli detected.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 64, 100-104DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)82824-X)

Fig. 3 Echocardiographic images of gaseous microemboli in the aortic arch. (A) Gaseous microemboli after test injection of 0.1 mL of air dispersed in blood. (B) Minimal gaseous microemboli formation at a cooling gradient of 20°C. The arrow indicates the position of the aortic cannula. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 64, 100-104DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)82824-X)

Fig. 4 Time course of esophageal (open squares), venous blood (filled circles), arterial perfusate (filled squares), and water bath (open circles) temperature during rapid cooling (maximal water flow through the cooler greater than 16 L/min at a water bath temperature of 4°C). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 64, 100-104DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)82824-X)