Gross and histologic characteristics of laparoscopic injuries with four different energy sources Paul K Tulikangas, M.D., Tamara Smith, M.D., Tommaso Falcone, M.D., Navdeep Boparai, M.S., Mark D Walters, M.D. Fertility and Sterility Volume 75, Issue 4, Pages 806-810 (April 2001) DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01785-4
Figure 1 Full-thickness rectal injury with monopolar cautery (original magnification, ×5). A indicates epithelial layer; B, submucosal layer; C, muscularis. Tulikangas. Characteristics of laparoscopic injuries. Fertil Steril 2001. Fertility and Sterility 2001 75, 806-810DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01785-4)
Figure 2 Rectal epithelium injury with monopolar cautery (original magnification, ×20). Tulikangas. Characteristics of laparoscopic injuries. Fertil Steril 2001. Fertility and Sterility 2001 75, 806-810DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01785-4)
Figure 3 Rectal injury with ultrasonic scalpel (original magnification, ×5). Arrow points to divot on serosal surface. Tulikangas. Characteristics of laparoscopic injuries. Fertil Steril 2001. Fertility and Sterility 2001 75, 806-810DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01785-4)