Grab today’s Agenda (5:6) Do Now: Grab today’s Agenda (5:6) Based on your homework, was the French Revolution really a revolution? Be prepared to defend your position (write your answer on your Agenda).

Objective: The French Revolution WHII.6d and e TSWDK of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries by explaining the political, religious, and social ideas of the Enlightenment and the ways in which they influenced the founders of the United States, and by describing the French Revolution.

The French Revolution The American Revolution The Situation in France “Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’”

The American Revolution The Colonies The Virginia Colony was founded in 1607 with the Charters of the Virginia Company of London. Amongst other things, the colony was founded with the understanding that the colonists would retain the rights of Englishmen, which included: Jury trial Due process Taxation by consent The rest of the 13 colonies were founded with these same rights.

The American Revolution Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. The influences of the Enlightenment on the Revolution… The purpose of government is for self-protection (?)

The American Revolution Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. The influences of the Enlightenment on the Revolution… The purpose of government is for self-protection (Hobbes) The people are sovereign and consent for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property (?)

The American Revolution Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. The influences of the Enlightenment on the Revolution… The purpose of government is for self-protection (Hobbes) The people are sovereign and consent for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property (Locke) The government is a contract between rulers and the people (?)

The American Revolution Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. The influences of the Enlightenment on the Revolution… The purpose of government is for self-protection (Hobbes) The people are sovereign and consent for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property (Locke) The government is a contract between rulers and the people (Rousseau) If a government breaks its contract with the people, the people have a right to revolt and change their government to one that will not break its contract (?)

The American Revolution Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the colonies. The influences of the Enlightenment on the Revolution… The purpose of government is for self-protection (Hobbes) The people are sovereign and consent for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property (Locke) The government is a contract between rulers and the people (Rousseau) If a government breaks its contract with the people, the people have a right to revolt and change their government to one that will not break its contract (Locke)

The American Revolution U.S. Constitution The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. The influences of the Enlightenment on the U.S. Constitution… The best form of government includes a separation of powers; legislative, executive, judicial (?)

The American Revolution U.S. Constitution The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. The influences of the Enlightenment on the U.S. Constitution… The best form of government includes a separation of powers; legislative, executive, judicial (Montesquieu) Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; there should be a separation of church and state (?)

The American Revolution U.S. Constitution The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. The influences of the Enlightenment on the U.S. Constitution… The best form of government includes a separation of powers; legislative, executive, judicial (Montesquieu) Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; there should be a separation of church and state (Voltaire)

The Situation in France Society Third Estate – the poor; about 90% of the population; heavily taxed

The Situation in France Society Third Estate – the poor; about 90% of the population; heavily taxed Second Estate – the nobles; about 8 % of the population; taxed somewhat but were able to enjoy the luxuries taxes paid for

The Situation in France Society Third Estate – the poor; about 90% of the population; heavily taxed Second Estate – the nobles; about 8 % of the population; taxed somewhat but were able to enjoy the luxuries taxes paid for First Estate – the clergy; about 2% of the population; rarely taxed; enjoyed many exemptions from French law

The Situation in France Louis XIV 1643-1715 Palace of Versailles “L’etat, c’est moi!” (“I am the State!”)

The Situation in France Louis XV 1715-1774 Seven Years’ War Great Britain vs. France Fought in Europe and in North America France lost “Apres moi, de deluge” (“After me, the deluge [flood]!”)

The Situation in France Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette 1773-1793 Supported the colonists in the American Revolution, 1775-1783 Not because they supported the ideals of the American Revolution They hated the British and would do anything to limit their power. Americans/French won But they were not in touch with the people. Horrible Histories: Wife Swap

“Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (DoRoMaC) To deal with the frustration, all three estates tried to meet – Estates General. The first two Estates ignored the Third Estate. So the Third Estate met in a National Assembly and drafted a declaration that expresses Enlightenment ideas about equal rights for all. These freedoms included: All men are equal Rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression The people are sovereign Due process Free speech Freedom of religion

“Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” Storming the Bastille!! The Bastille was a medieval fortress (armory) and prison in Paris. It represented royal authority in the center of Paris. By July 1789, the people had had enough. So, in anger, on July 14, the people stormed the Bastille. There were only 7 prisoners, who were freed; but the main purpose was to steal guns. Signified the beginning of the French Revolution.

“Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” The Reign of Terror Executing the King Some of the French leaders believed that Louis XVI was conspiring with the Austrians (Marie Antoinette was Austrian) and the Prussians to return to the throne (which he was). So they arrested him for acting out against the revolution, found him guilty, and executed him in January 1793 (via guillotine). Marie Antoinette lost her head that October. The execution of Louis XIV began the “Reign of Terror.”

“Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” The Reign of Terror (continued) Jean Paul Marat, one of the leaders of the revolutionaries in the French Revolution said, “Let the blood of these traitors flow. That is the only way to save the country!” The Reign of Terror lasted for two years – 1793-1794

“Liberte’, Egalite’, Fraternite’” The Reign of Terror (continued) Maximillian Robespierre, leader of the revolution during this reign of terror killed anyone that disagreed with him, which ranged anywhere from 16,000 to 40,000 beheadings! Reign of Terror ended with the execution (via guillotine) of Robespierre

Conclusion Horrible Histories: French Revolution Report Enlightenment ideas influenced the leaders of the American Revolution and the writing of the Declaration of Independence. Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolutions in North America and France. The ideas of the Enlightenment and the events of the American Revolution led the French people to view their government in new ways. Influenced by the events in Great Britain and her colonies, the French tried and executed their monarchs for violating the rights of the people. The trial and execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette marked the end of absolute monarchy in France.