Fig. 1. Optogenetic activation of EphB2.

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Fig. 1. Optogenetic activation of EphB2. Optogenetic activation of EphB2. (A) Schematic illustrations of OptoEphB2 domain structure and the photoactivation process. Blue light illumination induces Cry2 clustering, which results in receptor autophosphorylation (Y, tyrosine; pY, phosphotyrosine) and downstream signaling. ECD, extracellular domain; TM, transmembrane domain; ICD, intracellular domain; Myr, myristoylation signal peptide; FP, fluorescent protein. (B) TIRFM images of optoEphB2-expressing HEK293 cells before and after photoactivation (440 nm, three 250-ms pulses delivered 4.5 s apart), showing optoEphB2 clustering. (C) Left: western blot analysis of whole cell lysates collected from MEFs expressing OptoEphB2-mCherry or KDoptoEphB2-mCherry that were illuminated by blue LED light (∼10−2 W/cm2), or left in the dark, for 1 min. Right: quantification of OptoEphB2 phosphorylation. Relative tyrosine phosphorylation was assayed in OptoEphB2 immuno-precipitates and quantified by dividing the phosphotyrosine signal by the mCherry signal. Error bars show s.e.m. (n=3). (D) Time-lapse TIRF images of MEFs expressing OptoEphB2-mCherry or KD-optoEphB2-mCherry showing kinase dependent cell-rounding after blue light illumination (10 mW/cm2, 50-ms pulses at 3 pulses/min). Black dotted lines trace initial cell area and solid line traces the final cell area. (E) Time-lapse fluorescence images of a MEF cell activated by blue light illumination (100-ms pulses, 6 pulses/min) within the specified region of illumination (ROI, black circle). OptoEphB2 clustering and cell process retraction were spatially restricted to the ROI. Time stamps are relative to the start of blue light illumination. Clifford Locke et al. Biology Open 2017;6:1820-1830 © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd