An overview of space medicine

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An overview of space medicine P.D. Hodkinson, R.A. Anderton, B.N. Posselt, K.J. Fong British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 119, Pages i143-i153 (December 2017) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex336 Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Overview of space medicine. This diagram is inspired by the human factors SHELL model, which was first proposed by Edwards in 1972 and subsequently modified by Hawkins in 1975. The SHELL abbreviation stands for: Software (e.g. standard operating procedures), Hardware (e.g. equipment, systems, vehicles), Environment, Liveware (individual) and Liveware (other people). The SHELL model highlights the importance of interfaces and interactions (along with the inherent variability in each of these) between different components of a manned system. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, i143-i153DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex336) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Effects of spaceflight on the human body. Copyright Daniels and Daniels. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, i143-i153DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex336) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions