Expression of VCAM-1 and inflammatory cytokines in injured carotid arteries in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Expression of VCAM-1 and inflammatory cytokines in injured carotid arteries in STZ-induced diabetic rats. VCAM-1 staining in rats treated with insulin and pcDNA3.1 (pcDNA) (A), pcDNA/Tim44 (TIM44) (B), pcDNA/Mn-SOD (Mn-SOD) (C), and pcDNA/UCP-1 (UCP-1) (D). E: mRNA expression of MCP-1, PDGF, IL-1α, and TNF-α measured with real-time RT-PCR. The pcDNA group is used as standard. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. pcDNA group. Takashi Matsuoka et al. Diabetes 2005;54:2882-2890 ©2005 by American Diabetes Association