IgE sensitization to fungi mirrors fungal phylogenetic systematics

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IgE sensitization to fungi mirrors fungal phylogenetic systematics Daniel Soeria-Atmadja, PhD, Annica Önell, PhD, Åse Borgå, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 125, Issue 6, Pages 1379-1386.e1 (June 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.028 Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Degree of multisensitization within study subjects. The figure illustrates the degree of fungal multisensitivity of the 668 individuals as a histogram, ranging from individuals being positive to only 1 fungal allergen up to all 17 (A). Each bar represents the percentage of individuals who had detectable levels of specific IgE to a certain number of fungal species. The 2 groups (bars) being either monosensitized to only 1 fungus or having positive tests to all 17 fungal species are marked with arrows. Box plots of these 2 groups are depicted regarding multisensitivity to allergens in general (besides fungi; B). Each box represents the interquartile range (ie, the 25th to 75th percentile range). The horizontal bar in the box is the median, and the T-bars represent the main body of the data. Outliers are indicated by plus signs. The notches within the boxes display the variability of the median between samples. Because the notch widths of the 2 different groups do not overlap, those sensitized to all 17 fungi have more positive tests to nonfungal allergens than those sensitized to only 1 fungal species (P<.05 using Mann-Whitney test). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2010 125, 1379-1386.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.028) Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Hierarchical organization of the 17 fungi based on IgE sensitization data. A dendrogram (tree-like display) of molds, as obtained by the cluster analysis of IgE levels in sera of 668 individuals sensitized to fungi. Each horizontal line (branch) represents a cluster (or subcluster) at a given hierarchical level, whereas each branching level is represented by a small circle. The tree is read from left (where all species belong to 1 cluster, the stem) to right (where each species is a single cluster, leaves). At the first hierarchical level (far left), a first split can be seen in which M racemosus and R nigricans are divided from each other (black ellipse). The remaining fungal species are thereafter divided into 3 clusters (indicated by 3 squares in different colors). See also Fig 3 for a comparison with fungal systematics. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2010 125, 1379-1386.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.028) Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Schematic comparison of IgE sensitization hierarchical organization with that founded on phylogenetic data. The left tree is a schematic display of the IgE sensitization–based clustering, in which branch lengths are ignored, whereas the right tree represents phylogenetic structure of the 17 fungi adopted from the literature. The 2 separately created treelike representations are highly similar and almost identical at a higher-order level. Note that the IgE-based clustering divides the Ascomycota cluster into 2 separate Pezizomycotina clusters (1 and 2), where the second one contains those of subclass Pleosporomycetidae. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2010 125, 1379-1386.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.028) Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Estimation of correlation coefficients Estimation of correlation coefficients. A diagram over all recorded IgE measurements of the 668 individuals to R nigricans (abscissa) and M racemosus (ordinate). Note that logarithmic scales are used on both axes (log-log plot). The estimated correlation coefficient for these 2 fungi (based on logarithm values) is 0.91. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2010 125, 1379-1386.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.028) Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions