International Workshop Global Compact on Migration Promises and Paradoxes & Need for Global, Regional and National Responses International Workshop 25-30 November, 2018, Culcutta Buddha Singh Kepchhaki PNCC, Kathmandu, Nepal

Outline Context at National & International Level Grievance of migrant population in general Initiation & Status of GCM Promises & Objectives Paradoxes: conflict of interest Way Forward

Context International migration at high peak Trends of migrating to developed countries More push factors than pull factors 258 million migrant population at global level 32 million in gulf and middle east Category: migrant workers, refugees, asylum seekers

Grievances in General Homelessness Insecurity Self Humiliation Mental & Physical Torture Restriction in Mobility Exploitation Sexual Abuses

Initiation & Status of GCM UN General Assembly on 19th Sept, 2016 on migration and refugee issues NY Declaration for Refugees & Migrants: 193 UN nations in recognized need for a comprehensive approach to human mobility & enhanced cooperation Series of consultations and negotiations through an open, transparent and inclusive process to draft on GCM Consultations as per the 6 different thematic issues with 24 sub-headings identified by The New York Declaration

Status and Negotiations on GCM Global Level First Intergovernmental Negotiations in NY 20-23 February 2018 Intergovernmental Negotiations on 12-15 March 2018 at UN HQ GCM draft adoption in Morocco in December, 2018 In Nepal On 15th August, 2017 Ministries and Departments of the GoN Dissemination of Nepal’s Position Paper on 12 January, 2018 Multi-Stakeholders Consultations : On 30th August 2017 On 6th September 2017 On 21 December 2017 Meeting of CP member on September 13th, 2018

What is GCM? a non-legally binding agreement grounded with cooperative approach to optimize the overall benefits of migration framed in consistent with target 10.7 of the 2030 Agenda for SDG tries to address risks and challenges for individuals and communities in countries of origin, transit and destination.

“Making Migration Work for All” Values and Principles common Understanding and Shared Responsibilities, and Unity of Purpose on migration people-centred & international cooperation rule of law, due process & sustainable development human rights, gender-responsive, child-sensitive, “Making Migration Work for All”

Promises ? commitment from Member States to cooperate internationally to facilitate safe, orderly and regular migration protection of the safety, dignity and human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of their migratory status, and at all times promotes the well-being of migrants and the members of communities in countries of origin, transit and destination commitment to eliminate all forms of discrimination, including racism, xenophobia and intolerance against migrants & their families contribution to enhanced/strengthened cooperation on international migration in all its dimensions by developing a cooperative framework forge Common Understanding and Shared Responsibilities, and Unity of Purpose on migration

Thematic Clusters One: The human rights of all migrants; social cohesion; inclusion; and all forms of discrimination, including racism, xenophobia, and intolerance Two: Addressing the drivers of migration, including the adverse effects of climate change, natural disasters, and human made crises, through protection and assistance, sustainable development, poverty eradication, conflict prevention and resolution Three: International cooperation and governance of migration in the cycle of governance Four: Contribution of migrants and diaspora, to all dimension of sustainable development, including remittance, and probability of earned benefits Five: Smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons and contemporary forms of slavery, including appropriate identification, protection and assistance to migrants and trafficking victims Six: Irregular migration and regular pathways, including decent work, labour mobility, recognition of skills and qualifications, and other relevant measures

Core Objectives of GCM Collect and utilize accurate and disaggregated data as a basis for evidence-based policies Minimize the adverse drivers and structural factors that compel people to leave their country of origin Provide accurate and timely information at all stages of migration Ensure that all migrants have proof of legal identity and adequate documentation Enhance availability and flexibility of pathways for regular migration Facilitate fair and ethical recruitment and safeguard conditions that ensure decent work Address and reduce vulnerabilities in migration Save lives and establish coordinated international efforts on missing migrants Strengthen the transnational response to smuggling of migrants

Core Objectives Contd ……… Prevent, combat and eradicate trafficking in persons in the context of international migration Manage borders in an integrated, secure and coordinated manner Strengthen certainty and predictability in migration procedures for appropriate screening, assessment and referral Use migration detention only as a measure of last resort and work towards alternatives Enhance consular protection, assistance and cooperation throughout the migration cycle Provide access to basic services for migrants Empower migrants and societies to realize full inclusion and social cohesion Eliminate all forms of discrimination and promote evidence-based public discourse to shape perceptions of migration

Core Objectives Contd ……… Invest in skills development and facilitate mutual recognition of skills, qualifications and competences Create conditions for migrants and diasporas to fully contribute to sustainable development in all countries Promote faster, safer and cheaper transfer of remittances and foster financial inclusion of migrants Cooperate in facilitating safe and dignified return and readmission, as well as sustainable reintegration Establish mechanisms for the portability of social security entitlements and earned benefits Strengthen international cooperation and global partnerships for safe, orderly and regular migration

Paradoxes: Conflict of Interest developed countries more focus on immigration and refugee issues threat to their national security and economic order developing countries and countries migration, a natural phenomena contributing to the economy and development of receiving countries treatment based on the principal of human rights and justice whether regardless of migratory status.

Way Forward concerted efforts at global, regional, national levels, including UN system build on the technical expertise and experience of relevant agencies within the UN system to support the efforts of Member States in implementation of objectives & actionable commitments Employ the technical expertise of the Regional Economic Commissions and UN country Teams to support implementation efforts of Member States at regional & national levels Align and review the set-up of the UN system on migration with the ongoing management and development system reform initiatives in order to ensure system-wide coherence

Way Forward Contd……. Strengthen the role of the IOM in the UN system for the full and effective implementation of the Global Compact Establish a capacity-building mechanism that allows Member States, the UN and other stakeholders, including the private sector and philanthropic foundations, to contribute technical, financial and human resources to strengthen capacities of national & subnational authorities on migration bring our national actions and cooperation frameworks at all levels in line with the objectives and actionable commitments herein, taking into account our countries’ specific migration realities and priorities Implement the Global Compact in cooperation and partnership with civil society, migrant and diaspora organizations, cities and local communities, the private sector, trade unions, parliamentarians, National Human Rights Institutions, academia, and the media

Thank You