New Deal Politics “I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.” Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Reviewing the Great Depression Causes Living above your means, uneven distribution of wealth, unrestricted use of credit, trouble in farming and industry, the stock market. Herbert Hoover “Prosperity is just around the corner,” Trickle Down Theory, Bonus Army The Dust Bowl & Migrant Workers The Effects of the Great Depression Unemployment, homelessness, poverty, Women? Children? Men? Housing? Banking?

Electoral Votes in the Election of 1932 Who wins? Why does this candidate win an overwhelming majority?

FDR’s Eyes and Ears A major influence on FDR’s administration was his wife, Eleanor. She was a humanitarian and a strong believer in progressive ideology. Through her travels and newspaper column she would spread her ideas and become Roosevelt’s “eyes and ears” around the world.

FDR’s program was based on three goals (the three R’s): New Deal Philosophy FDR’s program was based on three goals (the three R’s): RELIEF for those people who were suffering. RECOVERY for the economy, so it could grow again. REFORM measure to avoid future depression.

Rehabilitation Goals of the New Deal Relief for those people that were suffering (quick fix) Recovery for the economy so it can grow again (long term) Reform measures to prevent future depression (Change the way things are) Rehabilitation

RELIEF PROGRAMS Read through the paragraph about FDR’s relief programs and answer the questions in your notes packet.

Program Initials Begun Purpose Civilian Conservation Corps. CCC 1933 Federal Emergency Relief Admin. FERA National Recovery Admin. NRA Public Works Admin. PWA Federal Deposit Insurance Co. FDIC Works Progress Admin. WPA 1935 Social Security Act SSA

Recovery Legislation Congress passed a wide range of recovery legislation during the New Deal: National Industrial Recovery Act (1933): Help business recover Set a “code of fair competition” Home Owners Loan Corp. (1933): Save homes from foreclosure Lower, fixed-interest mortgages

Federal Housing Administration (1934): Insure bank mortgages for 20-30 years. First Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933): Raise farm income by cutting surplus of crops Paid farmers for reducing acres they planted Declared unconstitutional in 1936 Second Agricultural Adjustment Act (1938): Paid farmers to store overproduced crops until prices rose

Reform Legislation What, do you feel, should be done with… Banking? Stock Market? Financial Security?

Was this an effective solution? Banking Glass-Stegall Act (1933) Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Guaranteed individual bank deposits up to $5,000 Gave more power to Federal Reserve Board to control credit Was this an effective solution?

Was this an effective solution? Stock Market Securities Exchange Act (1935): Created Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulate stock exchanges Required financial information about stocks and bonds before they were sold. Was this an effective solution?

Was this an effective solution? Financial Security Social Security Act (1935): Combination of public assistance and insurance Three main parts Old-age insurance paid through tax dollars while the person was working Unemployment insurance Assistance to elderly, ill, and handicapped. Was this an effective solution?

Labor Under the New Deal Wagner Act (1935): Guaranteed labor the right to form unions and to practice collective bargaining. Fair Labor Standards Act (1938): Set minimum wage and maximum work week Banned child labor

Effects of the New Deal In pairs, analyze the readings on Native Americans, African-Americans, Latinos, and Women during the New Deal and complete the webs in your notes packet.

Supreme Court Reaction Throughout the New Deal programs, the Supreme Court interpreted and decided on the constitutionality of New Deal laws. National Recovery Act – The court ruled it was against separation of powers to give Congress control of interstate commerce. Agricultural Adjustment Administration – The court ruled that farming was a local matter and should be controlled on the local level.

FDR’s Court Packing Plan FDR asked Congress to approve a law that would permit the President to increase the number of Federal Judges from 9 to 15 if the judges refused to retire at age 70. Never became law because it was seen as a threat to the separation of powers. Why would FDR want to add justices to the Supreme Court?

How does this cartoon illustrate the “Court Packing Plan”?

New Deal through Political Cartoons In pairs, analyze and interpret the political cartoons in your notes packet.

As always, be as creative as possible! New Deal ODT Complete the On-Demand Task (ODT) as a quiz grade for marking period 4. These will be collected at the end of class today. As always, be as creative as possible!