Interlanguage Chapter 9

What is Interlanguage? Interlanguage The system that language learners create when learning a second language Learner Language Studying the production of a language learner Speaking Writing Sometimes, speakers make errors and mistakes. If we know why they made them, we can better fix their language.

Stages of Learner Language Development Presystematic Stage Emergent Stage Systematic Stage Postsystematic Stage There are different stages to creating language systems and perfecting grammar

Presystematic Stage Makes random errors Not aware of errors Example: The different city is another one in the another two. I will studied for six years. I want to become a physicotrafic.

Emergent Stage Learner can now use general rules of language mostly correctly The listener can now understand what the learner is saying Backsliding – when the learner learns something and then reverts back to an incorrect form Example: (page 245)

Systematic Stage Learner becomes more consistent in producing a second language Learner can understand the errors that they make and fix them Example: I am eaten at the restaurant. No… wait… ah! I am eating at the restaurant! Sorry…

Postsystematic Stage Also called stabilization Few errors when producing language; mastery stage Fossilization – minor errors can no longer be self-fixed Example: (page 246)

Group Work Consider each of the stages: Presystematic Stage Emergent Stage Systematic Stage Postsystematic Stage What kind of activities and learning strategies are appropriate for students at each level in the stages of learner languages?

Mistakes and Errors Mistake – random or “slip” Errors – consistent problem in producing language Overt and covert errors – easy or hard to detect Global and local errors – over the whole language or only in certain contexts Errors of addition, omission, substitution, and permutation – what kind of error? Leaving out? Adding too much? Levels or domain of language – What part of language is the error in? Pronunciation? Grammar? Syntax? What is the biggest error Korean students typically make when learning English?

Input and Frequency Input – what kind of language does the learner receive Frequency – how often does that language come? How are language input and errors related? How are frequency and errors related?