EMEP new monitoring strategy in France Nathalie Poisson - ADEME Implementation of the EMEP new monitoring strategy in France Nathalie Poisson - ADEME with the collaboration of S. Bouallala (ADEME), P. Coddeville (EMD), P. Laj (LaMP/CNRS)

General structure of the EMEP new monitoring strategy A “level” approach: levels 1 and 2 = mandatory requirements level 3 = a voluntary component

General structure of the EMEP new monitoring strategy A “level” approach: levels 1 and 2 = mandatory requirements level 3 = a voluntary component Recommendations for each level: a suggested number of sites a list of parameters a minimum time resolution a reference methodology

General structure of the EMEP new monitoring strategy The French “official” EMEP network (MERA) coordinated by the ADEME (Agency for Environment and Energy Management) in place of the Ministry of Environment standard methodologies and adequate quality assurance procedures Collaborations with other programmes and researchers

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Number of monitoring sites for France: suggested by EMEP inorganic compounds = 8 Ozone = 8 heavy metals (prec) = 4 PM (mass) = 4  A large country a lot of stations suggested

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Number of monitoring sites for France: suggested by EMEP inorganic compounds = 8 = 9 (+1) Ozone = 8 heavy metals (prec) = 4 PM (mass) = 4 actual number IRATY (1 300 m) MONTANDON (836 m) DONON (775 m) REVIN (390 m) LA HAGUE (133 m) PEYRUSSE VIEILLE (236 m) MONFRANC (810 m) MORVAN (620 m) LE CASSET (1 750 m) LA TARDIERE (143 m)

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Number of monitoring sites for France: suggested by EMEP inorganic compounds = 8 = 9 (+1) Ozone = 8 = 8 (+1) heavy metals (prec) = 4 PM (mass) = 4 actual number IRATY (1 300 m) MONTANDON (836 m) DONON (775 m) REVIN (390 m) LA HAGUE (133 m) PEYRUSSE VIEILLE (236 m) MONFRANC (810 m) MORVAN (620 m) LE CASSET (1 750 m) LA TARDIERE (143 m)

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Number of monitoring sites for France: suggested by EMEP inorganic compounds = 8 = 9 (+1) Ozone = 8 = 8 (+1) heavy metals (prec) = 4 = 1 PM (mass) = 4 actual number IRATY (1 300 m) MONTANDON (836 m) DONON (775 m) REVIN (390 m) LA HAGUE (133 m) PEYRUSSE VIEILLE (236 m) MONFRANC (810 m) MORVAN (620 m) LE CASSET (1 750 m) LA TARDIERE (143 m)

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Number of monitoring sites for France: suggested by EMEP inorganic compounds = 8 = 9 (+1) Ozone = 8 = 8 (+1) heavy metals (prec) = 4 = 1 PM (mass) = 4 = 0 actual number IRATY (1 300 m) MONTANDON (836 m) DONON (775 m) REVIN (390 m) LA HAGUE (133 m) PEYRUSSE VIEILLE (236 m) MONFRANC (810 m) MORVAN (620 m) LE CASSET (1 750 m) LA TARDIERE (143 m)

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Monitoring requirements: PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 1 (all parameters are required to be monitored) Inorganic compounds in precipitation SO4-, NO3-, NH4+, H+ (pH), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- (cond) 24h Inorganic compounds in air SO2, SO4-, NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, NH3, HCl, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Gas particle ratios NH3, NH4+, HCl, HNO3, NO3- monthly NO2 in air NO2 Ozone in air O3 1h Meteorology RR, T,dd,ff,rh, pr HMs in precipitation Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Daily/weekly PM mass in air PM2.5, PM10 1h/24h

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Monitoring requirements: PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 1 (all parameters are required to be monitored) Inorganic compounds in precipitation SO4-, NO3-, NH4+, H+ (pH), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- (cond) 24h Inorganic compounds in air SO2, SO4-, NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, NH3, HCl, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Gas particle ratios NH3, NH4+, HCl, HNO3, NO3- monthly NO2 in air NO2 Ozone in air O3 1h Meteorology RR, T,dd,ff,rh, pr HMs in precipitation Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Daily/weekly PM mass in air PM2.5, PM10 1h/24h X 8 X 4 technical and financial difficulties

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Monitoring actual situation: PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 1 (all parameters are required to be monitored) Inorganic compounds in precipitation SO4-, NO3-, NH4+, H+ (pH), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- (cond) 24h Inorganic compounds in air SO2, SO4-, NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, NH3, HCl, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Gas particle ratios NH3, NH4+, HCl, HNO3, NO3- monthly NO2 in air NO2 Ozone in air O3 1h Meteorology RR, T,dd,ff,rh, pr HMs in precipitation Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Daily/weekly PM mass in air PM2.5, PM10 1h/24h

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Monitoring needs: PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 1 (all parameters are required to be monitored) Inorganic compounds in precipitation SO4-, NO3-, NH4+, H+ (pH), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- (cond) 24h Inorganic compounds in air SO2, SO4-, NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, NH3, HCl, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Gas particle ratios NH3, NH4+, HCl, HNO3, NO3- monthly NO2 in air NO2 Ozone in air O3 1h Meteorology RR, T,dd,ff,rh, pr HMs in precipitation Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Daily/weekly PM mass in air PM2.5, PM10 1h/24h

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Monitoring needs: PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 1 (all parameters are required to be monitored) Inorganic compounds in precipitation SO4-, NO3-, NH4+, H+ (pH), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- (cond) 24h Inorganic compounds in air SO2, SO4-, NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, NH3, HCl, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Gas particle ratios NH3, NH4+, HCl, HNO3, NO3- monthly NO2 in air NO2 Ozone in air O3 1h Meteorology RR, T,dd,ff,rh, pr HMs in precipitation Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Daily/weekly PM mass in air PM2.5, PM10 1h/24h  AbSO2 replaced by Filter packs 2 stations equiped in 2004 measurement of (NH3+NH4+) twice a week frequency

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Monitoring needs: PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 1 (all parameters are required to be monitored) Inorganic compounds in precipitation SO4-, NO3-, NH4+, H+ (pH), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- (cond) 24h Inorganic compounds in air SO2, SO4-, NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, NH3, HCl, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Gas particle ratios NH3, NH4+, HCl, HNO3, NO3- monthly NO2 in air NO2 Ozone in air O3 1h Meteorology RR, T,dd,ff,rh, pr HMs in precipitation Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Daily/weekly PM mass in air PM2.5, PM10 1h/24h  Should be implemented in 2005 in 2 stations

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Monitoring needs: PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 1 (all parameters are required to be monitored) Inorganic compounds in precipitation SO4-, NO3-, NH4+, H+ (pH), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- (cond) 24h Inorganic compounds in air SO2, SO4-, NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, NH3, HCl, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Gas particle ratios NH3, NH4+, HCl, HNO3, NO3- monthly NO2 in air NO2 Ozone in air O3 1h Meteorology RR, T,dd,ff,rh, pr HMs in precipitation Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Daily/weekly PM mass in air PM2.5, PM10 1h/24h Not the main issue in France, low levels Technical and cost difficulties 1 station with a 2 weeks time resolution 

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 1 sites Monitoring needs: PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 1 (all parameters are required to be monitored) Inorganic compounds in precipitation SO4-, NO3-, NH4+, H+ (pH), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- (cond) 24h Inorganic compounds in air SO2, SO4-, NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, NH3, HCl, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Gas particle ratios NH3, NH4+, HCl, HNO3, NO3- monthly NO2 in air NO2 Ozone in air O3 1h Meteorology RR, T,dd,ff,rh, pr HMs in precipitation Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Daily/weekly PM mass in air PM2.5, PM10 1h/24h PM = 1st priority … but: gravimetric method: difficult + expensive need of NRT data (PM obs & forecasts on www.prevair.org) monitors 

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites Number of monitoring “super-sites” for France: suggested by EMEP acid and eutro = 1 photooxidant = 1 heavy metals = 1 POP = 1 Particulate matter = 1

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites Number of monitoring “super-sites” for France: suggested by EMEP acid and eutro = 1 photooxidant = 1 = 3 heavy metals = 1 POP = 1 Particulate matter = 1 actual number IRATY (1 300 m) MONTANDON (836 m) DONON (775 m) REVIN (390 m) LA HAGUE (133 m) PEYRUSSE VIEILLE (236 m) MONFRANC (810 m) MORVAN (620 m) LE CASSET (1 750 m) LA TARDIERE (143 m)

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites Number of monitoring “super-sites” for France: suggested by EMEP acid and eutro = 1 photooxidant = 1 = 3 heavy metals = 1 = 1 POP = 1 Particulate matter = 1 actual number IRATY (1 300 m) MONTANDON (836 m) DONON (775 m) REVIN (390 m) LA HAGUE (133 m) PEYRUSSE VIEILLE (236 m) MONFRANC (810 m) MORVAN (620 m) LE CASSET (1 750 m) LA TARDIERE (143 m)

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites Number of monitoring “super-sites” for France: suggested by EMEP acid and eutro = 1 = 0 photooxidant = 1 = 3 heavy metals = 1 = 1 POP = 1 = 0 Particulate matter = 1 = 0 actual number IRATY (1 300 m) MONTANDON (836 m) DONON (775 m) REVIN (390 m) LA HAGUE (133 m) PEYRUSSE VIEILLE (236 m) MONFRANC (810 m) MORVAN (620 m) LE CASSET (1 750 m) LA TARDIERE (143 m)

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites Monitoring requirements PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 2: acidification and eutrophication “super-site” (in addition to level 1) gas particle ratio NH3/NH4, HNO3/NO3 1h/24h Ammonia in emission areas NH3 monthly Core sites level 2: photochemical oxidants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) NOx NO, NO2 1h Light hydrocarbons C2-C7 1h/twice a week carbonyls Aldehydes and ketones 8 hourly twice a week Core sites level 2: Heavy metals “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Mercury in precipitation Hg weekly Mercury in air 1h/daily HMs in air Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Monitoring requirements Core sites level 2; Persistant organic pollutants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) POPs in precip. PAH, PCB, HCB, chlordane, a-HCH, DDT/DDE weekly POPs in air daily/weekly Core sites level 2; Particulate matter “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Major inorganics in both PM2.5 and PM10 SO4, NO3, NH4, Na, K, Ca, Mg (Cl) 1h/daily Mineral dust in PM10 Si Daily/weekly Elemental and organic carbon EC, OC

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites Monitoring actual situation PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 2: acidification and eutrophication “super-site” (in addition to level 1) gas particle ratio NH3/NH4, HNO3/NO3 1h/24h Ammonia in emission areas NH3 monthly Core sites level 2: photochemical oxidants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) NOx NO, NO2 1h Light hydrocarbons C2-C7 1h/twice a week carbonyls Aldehydes and ketones 8 hourly twice a week Core sites level 2: Heavy metals “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Mercury in precipitation Hg weekly Mercury in air 1h/daily HMs in air Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Monitoring actual situation Core sites level 2; Persistant organic pollutants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) POPs in precip. PAH, PCB, HCB, chlordane, a-HCH, DDT/DDE weekly POPs in air daily/weekly Core sites level 2; Particulate matter “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Major inorganics in both PM2.5 and PM10 SO4, NO3, NH4, Na, K, Ca, Mg (Cl) 1h/daily Mineral dust in PM10 Si Daily/weekly Elemental and organic carbon EC, OC

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 2: acidification and eutrophication “super-site” (in addition to level 1) gas particle ratio NH3/NH4, HNO3/NO3 1h/24h Ammonia in emission areas NH3 monthly Core sites level 2: photochemical oxidants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) NOx NO, NO2 1h Light hydrocarbons C2-C7 1h/twice a week carbonyls Aldehydes and ketones 8 hourly twice a week Core sites level 2: Heavy metals “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Mercury in precipitation Hg weekly Mercury in air 1h/daily HMs in air Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Monitoring needs Core sites level 2: Persistant organic pollutants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) POPs in precip. PAH, PCB, HCB, chlordane, a-HCH, DDT/DDE weekly POPs in air daily/weekly Core sites level 2: Particulate matter “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Major inorganics in both PM2.5 and PM10 SO4, NO3, NH4, Na, K, Ca, Mg (Cl) 1h/daily Mineral dust in PM10 Si Daily/weekly Elemental and organic carbon EC, OC

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 2: acidification and eutrophication “super-site” (in addition to level 1) gas particle ratio NH3/NH4, HNO3/NO3 1h/24h Ammonia in emission areas NH3 monthly Core sites level 2: photochemical oxidants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) NOx NO, NO2 1h Light hydrocarbons C2-C7 1h/twice a week carbonyls Aldehydes and ketones 8 hourly twice a week Core sites level 2: Heavy metals “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Mercury in precipitation Hg weekly Mercury in air 1h/daily HMs in air Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri)  Monitoring needs will be implemented in 2005 Core sites level 2: Persistant organic pollutants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) POPs in precip. PAH, PCB, HCB, chlordane, a-HCH, DDT/DDE weekly POPs in air daily/weekly Core sites level 2: Particulate matter “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Major inorganics in both PM2.5 and PM10 SO4, NO3, NH4, Na, K, Ca, Mg (Cl) 1h/daily Mineral dust in PM10 Si Daily/weekly Elemental and organic carbon EC, OC

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 2: acidification and eutrophication “super-site” (in addition to level 1) gas particle ratio NH3/NH4, HNO3/NO3 1h/24h Ammonia in emission areas NH3 monthly Core sites level 2: photochemical oxidants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) NOx NO, NO2 1h Light hydrocarbons C2-C7 1h/twice a week carbonyls Aldehydes and ketones 8 hourly twice a week Core sites level 2: Heavy metals “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Mercury in precipitation Hg weekly Mercury in air 1h/daily HMs in air Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri)  denuder-filterpack tested: difficult to apply expensive Monitoring needs Core sites level 2: Persistant organic pollutants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) POPs in precip. PAH, PCB, HCB, chlordane, a-HCH, DDT/DDE weekly POPs in air daily/weekly Core sites level 2: Particulate matter “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Major inorganics in both PM2.5 and PM10 SO4, NO3, NH4, Na, K, Ca, Mg (Cl) 1h/daily Mineral dust in PM10 Si Daily/weekly Elemental and organic carbon EC, OC

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 2 sites PROGRAMME PARAMETERS time resolution Core sites level 2: acidification and eutrophication “super-site” (in addition to level 1) gas particle ratio NH3/NH4, HNO3/NO3 1h/24h Ammonia in emission areas NH3 monthly Core sites level 2: photochemical oxidants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) NOx NO, NO2 1h Light hydrocarbons C2-C7 1h/twice a week carbonyls Aldehydes and ketones 8 hourly twice a week Core sites level 2: Heavy metals “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Mercury in precipitation Hg weekly Mercury in air 1h/daily HMs in air Cd, Pb (1st pri.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd pri) Monitoring needs technical and financial difficulties  Core sites level 2: Persistant organic pollutants “super-site” (in addition to level 1) POPs in precip. PAH, PCB, HCB, chlordane, a-HCH, DDT/DDE weekly POPs in air daily/weekly Core sites level 2: Particulate matter “super-site” (in addition to level 1) Major inorganics in both PM2.5 and PM10 SO4, NO3, NH4, Na, K, Ca, Mg (Cl) 1h/daily Mineral dust in PM10 Si Daily/weekly Elemental and organic carbon EC, OC

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 3 sites Parameters suggested to be monitored: dry deposition flux of S and N species dry deposition flux of O3 hydrocarbons C6-C12 (C6-C9) NOy chemistry speciation of OC BC measurements particle size/number distribution aerosol optical depth vertical profiles of O3 and aerosols Hg speciation congener-specific POPs multi-compartment POPs and Hg

The EMEP ”level” approach: level 3 sites Parameters already measured in French EMEP stations: dry deposition flux of S and N species dry deposition flux of O3 hydrocarbons C6-C12 (C6-C9) NOy chemistry speciation of OC BC measurements particle size/number distribution aerosol optical depth vertical profiles of O3 and aerosols Hg speciation congener-specific POPs multi-compartment POPs and Hg IRATY (1 300 m) MONTANDON (836 m) DONON (775 m) REVIN (390 m) LA HAGUE (133 m) PEYRUSSE VIEILLE (236 m) MONFRANC (810 m) MORVAN (620 m) LE CASSET (1 750 m) LA TARDIERE (143 m)

General structure of the EMEP new monitoring strategy The EMEP new strategy for France is extremely ambitious (many sites and super-sites) The French “official” EMEP network (MERA) a lot is already done or will be done in a near future impossible to meet all the requirements (too much human and financial ressources) Collaborations with other programmes and researchers

General structure of the EMEP new monitoring strategy The EMEP new strategy for France is extremely ambitious (many sites and super-sites) The French “official” EMEP network (MERA) a lot is already done or will be done in a near future impossible to meet all the requirements (too much human and financial ressources) Collaborations with other programmes and researchers

Collaborations with other programmes and researchers PAES research programme (CNRS/ADEME) dry deposition flux of S and N species dry deposition flux of O3 hydrocarbons C6-C12 (C6-C9) NOy chemistry speciation of OC BC measurements particle size/number distribution aerosol optical depth vertical profiles of O3 and aerosols Hg speciation congener-specific POPs multi-compartment POPs and Hg + O3, PM mass, meteo PIC DU MIDI (2877m) DONON (775 m) PUYS DE DOME (1465m) PAES

Collaborations with other programmes and researchers French contributions to international programmes GAW OSPAR ... GAW OSPAR