Fig. 2 Overview of transcriptional mutagenesis in yeast.

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Fig. 2 Overview of transcriptional mutagenesis in yeast. Overview of transcriptional mutagenesis in yeast. Over the course of our experiments, we detected >200,000 transcription errors. Here, we provide a broad overview of our results at increasing levels of detail. (A) The transcription errors detected were distributed across the entire genome of yeast. (B) Although transcription errors occurred randomly across the length of a chromosome, most errors were detected in highly transcribed genes. These genes do not display an increased error rate per nucleotide but were simply sequenced at a greater frequency and thus provided the greatest amount of information to our data set. “Errors” indicate the total number of errors detected within a 100-bp interval. “Coverage” indicates the number of times a base pair in that interval was sequenced. (C) Depiction of a subset of the errors that were detected in the ADH1 gene. More than 2000 errors were detected in the ADH1 gene, affecting approximately 50% of all possible nucleotides. Each block represents a single error. Green blocks represent errors that changed the start codon of the ADH1 gene, purple errors changed its stop codon, and red errors generated premature termination codons. We also detected synonymous (orange) and nonsynonymous errors (blue), which altered almost every aspect of protein function and structure. (D) Individual errors detected in a small region of the ADH1 mRNA. (E) All errors detected in the ADH1 mRNA that are mapped onto the protein structure. All amino acids in which errors were detected are shown in red. For clarity, NAD is depicted in blue, and zinc is depicted in yellow. Jean-Francois Gout et al. Sci Adv 2017;3:e1701484 Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).