Volume 27, Issue 11, Pages R478-R483 (June 2017) Plankton  Andrew S. Brierley  Current Biology  Volume 27, Issue 11, Pages R478-R483 (June 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.045 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Phytoplankton bloom and cell. A Landsat satellite image showing a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in the English Channel, 24 July 1999 and, inset, an electron microscope image of a single E. huxleyi with the armouring calcium carbonate platelets (coccoliths), which so effectively reflect light, clearly visible. The scale bar in the electron micrograph is 2 μm, and the main embayment in the satellite image (from the tip of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall to Salcombe, Devon) is c. 140 km across — about 20 billion times the diameter of the single cell. The swirling distribution of the coccolithophores reveals eddies in the water flow. Satellite image courtesy of the NERC Earth Observation Data Acquisition and Analysis Service (NEODAAS). Electron micrograph courtesy of Dr. Jeremy Young, University College London. Current Biology 2017 27, R478-R483DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.045) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Plankton processes. Schematic representation of the roles of phytoplankton and zooplankton in carbon transportation, nutrient cycling and food chains. The dashed arrows on the edge of the zooplankton community represent increase and decrease of biomass and abundance by various processes. Image drafted by Steve Smart, University of St. Andrews. Current Biology 2017 27, R478-R483DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.045) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Zooplankton. Mature females of three Arctic species of calanoid copepod, caught in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, showing lipid sacs in the main body (prosome). At top is Calanus hyperboreus (prosome length approximately 7.5 mm). Middle image is C. glacialis, and on the bottom is C. finmarchicus. The relatively larger size, longer life and larger lipid sac of the high Arctic C. glacialis, compared to that of the more boreal C. finmarchicus, are generally assumed to be adaptive traits evolved in response towards the strong seasonality of the high Arctic. Photo: Ida Beathe Øverjordet, SINTEF Ocean AS and Dag Altin, BioTrix. Current Biology 2017 27, R478-R483DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.045) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions