Chapter 13 Section 3

Economy Ranching Farming Plantations

Trades and Professions Trades- brick masons, blacksmiths, carpenters, and wheelwrights. Professions- law, medicine, the ministry, and teaching. Doctors, ministers, and lawyers arrived but often divided their time between their professions and farming.

Industry and Commerce Fuel Growth The few industries in early Texas were located in towns or along major roads or rivers. Most communities already had a sawmill for cutting lumber and a gristmill for grinding grain. Over time Texans built brickyards, tanneries, iron foundries, cotton gins, soap factories, carriage factories, and textile mills.

Transportation Better Transportation Is Needed Even local travel in Texas was difficult. Some roads were Native American trails Others roads were originally built in the Spanish and Mexican eras. Almost all the roads were unpaved, and rains often turned them into mud. Crossing streams was especially dangerous, and travelers had to be prepared to swim to safety.

Freight Wagon Good: Most Common Bad: Muddy Roads Where: -All over

Stagecoach Good: Popular Bad: Expensive Where: -Butterfield Overland Line crossed Texas

River Transportation Good: Cheap and Comfortable Bad: Rafts and Sandbars Blocked Where: Colorado River Buffalo Bayou, which connected Houston with the port of Galveston

Railroad Good: Fast Bad: Limited Area Where: several railroads connected Houston with neighboring communities

Telegraph In 1854 Red River Telegraph Company Shreveport, Henderson, Rusk, Crockett, Montgomery, Houston, and Galveston. In 1856 another company began constructing lines from Galveston to San Antonio and Austin.

Newspapers By 1860 there were more than 70 newspapers in publication. Most were printed only once a week, but there were several daily newspapers as well.

Religious Diversity Flourishes Religion Religious Diversity Flourishes Roman Catholic faith Protestant Baptist Presbyterian Jewish