Anti-inflammatory cytokine production is increased in trained monocytes. Anti-inflammatory cytokine production is increased in trained monocytes. (A) IL-10.

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Anti-inflammatory cytokine production is increased in trained monocytes. Anti-inflammatory cytokine production is increased in trained monocytes. (A) IL-10 production after restimulation. Cells were trained for 24 h with β-glucan, BCG, or oxLDL and rested for 6 days. The level of production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased upon training. (B) IL-1Ra production. Cells were trained for 24 h with β-glucan, BCG, or oxLDL and rested for 6 days. The level of production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra increased upon training not only after restimulation but also at the baseline (n = 6; ^, P = 0.06 compared to the RPMI control; *, P < 0.05 compared to the RPMI control; **, P < 0.01 compared to the RPMI control; ns, not significant). P3C, Pam3Cys. Siroon Bekkering et al. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 2016; doi:10.1128/CVI.00349-16