Effect of chronic disturbance and acute stressor on testosterone levels. Effect of chronic disturbance and acute stressor on testosterone levels. (A) Testosterone.

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Effect of chronic disturbance and acute stressor on testosterone levels. Effect of chronic disturbance and acute stressor on testosterone levels. (A) Testosterone levels before the long-term disturbance treatments began (see Fig. 1). (B) Testosterone levels after 3 weeks of long-term treatment. Shown are baseline testosterone levels, post-handling levels and GnRH-induced testosterone levels. GnRH-induced testosterone was not measured before the experiment. Shown are group means (orange and gray circles)±s.e.m.; black points represent individual measurements. Mikus Abolins-Abols et al. J Exp Biol 2018;221:jeb180869 © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd