sp Hybrid Orbitals

sp hybrid orbital in BeH2 from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

BeH2 MO diagram from Demtröder “Molecular Physics”

AH2 molecules – linear vs. bent from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

AH2 MO diagram from Demtröder “Molecular Physics”

AH2 molecules – Walsh diagram from Demtröder “Molecular Physics”

Walsh diagrams from Demtröder “Molecular Physics”

Reductive activation of CO2 Effects of negative charge on CO2: 6a1 1pg JMW, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 33 (2014) 489 – 519 L. G. Dodson, M. C. Thompson, JMW, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 69 (2018) 231-252

Reductive activation of CO2 Effects of negative charge on CO2: CO bonds are weakened by excess electron  vibrational frequencies shift to the red  CO2 vibrations as probe for charge on CO2 (i.e. reduction!) 6a1 JMW, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 33 (2014) 489 – 519 L. G. Dodson, M. C. Thompson, JMW, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 69 (2018) 231-252

sp2 Hybrid Orbitals

sp2 hybrid orbital in BH3 from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

general shape of sp2 hybrid orbitals from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

s bond in ethene from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

p bond in ethene

sp3 hybrid orbitals in CH4

from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”