Unit 1 Academic & Literary Vocabulary Turn to page 2 in your Springboard books and read through the academic & literary vocabulary terms. On the QHT graphic organizer, place the terms in the appropriate columns. Use pencil! These terms will move throughout the unit

Anaphora The repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of two or more clauses or lines Example: For instance, Churchill declared, "We shall go on the end. We shall fight in France. We shall fight on the seas and oceans. We shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air. We shall defend our island, whatever the cost shall be."

Connotation The cultural and emotional overtones attached to a word beyond its literal definition or denotation A connotation can be positive, negative, or neutral

Counterclaim A position taken by someone with the opposing viewpoint Example: Some people say that all schools should have uniforms… Counterclaim

The literal definition of the word (or dictionary definition) Denotation

The use of words like “died,” “complained,” “wrong,” “dead,” “depressing”” give this passage a gloomy tone. Diction The writer’s choice of words; a stylistic element that helps convey voice and tone “And the trees all died. They were orange trees. I don’t know why they died, they just died. Something wrong with the soil possibly or maybe the stuff we got from the nursery wasn’t the best. We complained about it. So we’ve got thirty kids there, each kid had his or her own little tree to plant and we’ve got these thirty dead trees. All these kids looking at these little brown sticks, it was depressing.” – Excerpt from “The School” by Donald Barthelme

Ethos (ethical appeal)-a rhetorical appeal that focuses on ethics, or the character or qualifications of the speaker Example: We would trust Lebron James giving an endorsement for sport’s drinks or sport’s shoes, but not on the right laundry detergent or makeup.

Flashback An interruption in the sequence of events to relate events that occurred in the past

Foreshadowing The use of hints or clues in a narrative to suggest a future action

Imagery Love is Not All (Sonnet XXX) Edna St. Vincent Millay, 1892 - 1950 Love is not all: it is not meat nor drink Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain; Nor yet a floating spar to men that sink And rise and sink and rise and sink again; Love can not fill the thickened lung with breath, Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone; Yet many a man is making friends with death Even as I speak, for lack of love alone. It well may be that in a difficult hour, Pinned down by pain and moaning for release, Or nagged by want past resolution’s power, I might be driven to sell your love for peace, Or trade the memory of this night for food. It well may be. I do not think I would. Imagery Descriptive language used to create word pictures; use the five senses

Inference A conclusion about ideas or information not directly stated

Juxtaposition The arrangement of two or more things for the purpose of comparison

Logos (logical appeal)- a rhetorical appeal that uses factual evidence and logic to appeal to the audience’s sense of reason

Narrative A story about a series of events that includes character development, Plot structure, and Theme. Can be fiction or nonfiction

Narrator The person telling the story Stephen Sondheim’s musical, Into the woods, is narrated by a mysterious man who plays a part in the larger story.

Pathos (emotional appeal) a rhetorical appeal to the reader’s senses of emotion

Poetry Written in lines or stanzas; often has rhyme or rhythm

Prose Ordinary written or spoken language, using sentences and paragraphs (without meter, rhyme, poetry, or song)

Strategize Planning the actions one will take to complete a task

Syntax The arrangement of words and the order of the grammatical elements in a sentence; the way the sentences are put together Example: Yoda has very specific syntax. He puts the verb first. Yoda says, “Help you, I will!”

Writer’s or speaker’s attitude towards a subject, character, or audience Example: the journalist said that the war was a waste of American lives. In addition, it is a drain on our financial resources, and it only distracts us from the real issues we have at home. What is this journalist’s tone? Tone