The Humanitarian Community 07 December 2017 1 UNCLASSIFIED

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of: • The host nation (Affected State) • The United Nations and its agencies, offices & programmes • International & Regional Organizations • The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies • Non-governmental Organizations • Donors • The Cluster Approach

International Disaster Response Emergency Relief Phase Recovery / Development International Military and Civil Defence Relief International Civilian Relief Capacity building Local / National Response Transition Point UN OCHA, Modified Crisis UNCLASSIFIED

Host Nation (Affected State) 5 UNCLASSIFIED

National Disaster Management Coordination Kingdom of Cambodia Disaster Management Coordination Structure

Emergency Relief Coordinator Mr. Mark Lowcock UN Under-Secretary-General focusing on humanitarian affairs Primary functions: - Develop and coordinate strategic humanitarian policy - Raise humanitarian issues with political organizations Coordinate humanitarian emergency response Ms. Ursula Mueller Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Deputy ERC in OCHA principal advisor to the USG/ERC, with emphasis on key policy and management issues exercises managerial overview of OCHA

UN Agencies, Offices and Programs WHO UN World Health Organization OHCHR UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights UNFPA UN Population Fund OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UNDSS UN Dept. of Safety & Security UNHCR UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF UN Children’s Fund WFP UN World Food Programme UNDP UN Development Programme (RC/HC) (UNDAC team, CMCoord Officer)

International & Regional Organizations International Organization for Migration International organization with 166 member states Leading international agency dealing with migration issues: - Advances understanding of migration issues - Encourages social and economic development through migration - Upholds human dignity and well-being of migrants UNCLASSIFIED

International & Regional Organizations 12 UNCLASSIFIED

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Red Cross Movement Three branches of the Red Cross Movement: International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross Mandate - to protect and assist the victims of armed conflict Prison visits Tracing missing persons Safe water, food and medical assistance Family reunification Promoting IHL • Protect POWs, detainees & civilians, tracing of missing persons, family reunification, humanitarian relief • Mandate conferred under 1949 Geneva Conventions & 1977 Protocols, and ICRC Statutes UNCLASSIFIED

IFRC – International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Founded in 1919 Consists of 190 national societies, a Secretariat and 60+ delegations worldwide Works with & assists national societies with: Promoting humanitarian principles & values Disaster preparedness and response Health & care in the community Guidelines on International Disaster Responses UNCLASSIFIED

National Red Cross / Red Crescent Societies National Societies • 190 recognized National Red Cross or Red Crescent societies Ex.: Cambodian Red Cross Society • 1 national society in a country – either Red Cross or Red Crescent: Membership open to all without discrimination Work throughout the Country • Auxiliaries to public authorities in their country: Promoting humanitarian principles & values Disaster preparedness and response Health & care in the community. Cambodian Red Cross UNCLASSIFIED

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations – NGOs • Not agencies of any government or UN • Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters • Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission • Funded by grants or private donations • National or international • Essential to humanitarian operations: – Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects – One of first responders to arrive, last to leave – Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors Save the Children International UNCLASSIFIED

NGOs Weaknesses: Strengths: • Not a homogenous system • Potential lack of collaboration • Can be small in size • Identify projects in areas of expertise • Donor dependent • Government funding can erode independence Strengths: • Critical recipient level humanitarian work • Small size = less bureaucracy, cheaper & more effective • Increased scope & independence • Access to local knowledge • Non-partisanship essential to security • Work protected by international convention Oxfam UNCLASSIFIED

Donors: Major Agencies and Sources Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Global Affairs Canada / Affaires mondiales Canada U.K. Department for International Development European Commission Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Japanese International Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance also a major source of aid funding

The UN Cluster (Coordination) System The Cluster Approach is designed to provide: Predictability, Accountability and Partnership in all response sectors Better support for national-led response tools Common standards and tools UNCLASSIFIED

The UN Cluster (Coordination) System Sector or Area of Activity Global Cluster Lead Symbol Food Security UN Food and Agriculture Organization World Food Program Camp Coordination UN High Commissioner for Refugees International Organization for Migration Early Recovery UN Development Program Education UN Children’s Fund Save the Children UK Emergency Shelter UNHCR and International Federation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent Society Emergency Telecommunications UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (owns process), World Food Program (telecoms) Health World Health Organization Logistics World Food Program Nutrition Protection UN High Commissioner for Refugees Water, Sanitation, Hygiene

Challenges of Foreign Assistance Command and Control of Foreign Military Forces Lack of Capabilities in Disaster Management Huge Number within Immediate Time Security Issues Emergency Response

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of: The host nation / affected state The UN, its agencies and offices International & Regional Organizations The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies Non-governmental Organizations Donors The Cluster Approach 23 UNCLASSIFIED

The Humanitarian Community Discussion 26 UNCLASSIFIED