Abberrent TGF-β activity causes impaired thermoregulation and excess adiposity in Mfap2−/− mice. Abberrent TGF-β activity causes impaired thermoregulation.

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Abberrent TGF-β activity causes impaired thermoregulation and excess adiposity in Mfap2−/− mice. Abberrent TGF-β activity causes impaired thermoregulation and excess adiposity in Mfap2−/− mice. A: Immunoblot of WAT lysate using antibodies to phosphorylated Smad-2 (p-Smad2), total Smad2 (t-Smad2), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Shown are lysates from 2 mice per genotype. B and C: WAT from mice on chow or HFD for 16 weeks. B: ECM deposition in WAT was assessed by qPCR of collagen-1 (Col1) and collagen-3 (Col3) and by trichrome staining of tissue. C: WAT macrophage infiltration was assessed by qPCR of macrophage-associated genes (Tnfα [tumor necrosis factor-α], Il-6 [interleukin-6], Itgax [CD11c], Arg1 [arginase-1], and Il-10 [interleukin-10]), and immunohistochemistry using an anti-MAC-3 antibody. B and C: Bar graphs are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 5 and 6 for qPCR). Scale bars 100 μm. D and E: α-TGF-β treatment prevents excess adiposity and improves body temperature in Mfap2−/− (−/−) mice. Adiposity (EchoMRI) and rectal temperature were determined before (D) and after (E) 5 weeks of treatment with control IgG or α-TGF-β (mean ± SEM; n = 4 and 5 per treatment group). *P ≤ 0.05. Clarissa S. Craft et al. Diabetes 2014;63:1920-1932 ©2014 by American Diabetes Association