Ecosystem Connectivity

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Presentation transcript:

Ecosystem Connectivity MARE 444 Dr. Turner

What is Connectivity The ability to make and maintain a connection between two or more points in a telecommunications system Based upon neural-network systems

Ecological Connectivity Three major themes: 1) between reefs/islands/habitats 2) among habitats by juvenile and adult fishes and invertebrates 3) between habitats with respect to nutrients and other physio-chemical factors

Metapopulations

Source-Sink Dynamics Source Sink – receives immigrants but does not contribute individuals to the metapopulation – contributes disproportionately more individuals to the metapopulation Source Sink

Larval Connectivity Larvae arriving at settlement habitats could have originated from a large set of spawning sites Determination of spawning sites critical

Larval Connectivity The extent to which populations of marine organisms are (reliant on externally supplied larvae) or (self-replenishing) is scale dependent

Connectivity of marine populations: open or closed? Dispersion After 30 d Antigua Guadeloupe Martinique St. Lucia Cowen et al. Science 2000 Transport endpoints of 10,000 virtual larvae released from Barbados

Within 30 d larvae released over 1 km2 location spread over 106 km2 Transport endpoints: larval mortality 18% day (Z ~ 0.20)

Larval Connectivity Dilution of original concentration by six orders of magnitude When mortality is added the outcome is obvious…

Larval Connectivity However...

Meanwhile, further offshore What about coral reef fishes attempting to recruit back to natal reefs again prevailing current patterns? Offshore flow 5 m offshore 55 m inshore Inshore flow Surface flows on western side of island is offshore— results in upwelling and onshore flow at 20-50 m Vertical distribution of larvae; avoid surface waters (offshore flow) Swim at depth

Degree of control of Late pelagic stages Previous assumption: swimming abilities negligible Sustained swimming… Will it modify dispersal? Max durations 200-280 h ~ 100-140 km.

Ecological Connectivity Ironically, however, few fishes that we associate with estuaries are in fact obligatory users (anadromous fishes are a notable exception)

Ecological Connectivity To address this issue, we investigate "connectivity" in the life cycles of fishes Connectivity here refers to the dependence of fish production and population dynamics on dispersal and migration among multiple habitats

Recently, natural tags, such as isotopes and elements within otoliths, have shown great promise as a means of determining connectivity among populations

Ecological Connectivity Nearshore Offshore Juvenile Nursery Adult

Ecological Connectivity

How do we quantify connectivity? Ecological Connectivity How do we quantify connectivity?

Stable Isotopes

Connectivity Between Habitats

Connectivity of Habitats

Mangroves Coral reef Mangroves Nursery

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