Your Cardiovascular System

Myth: Fact: Blood is blue in color. Blood is brightened when carrying oxygen & dark red when it is not. Veins appear blue in some people because of the way light reflects off their skin!

Delivering materials: Your heart pumps your blood, which carries substances your body needs, like glucose Removing wastes: Transports wastes from your cells, like carbon dioxide Fighting disease: Blood contains cells that attack micro-organisms that cause disease FUNCTIONS!

THE HEART Your heart is about the size of your fist! Blood travels from the right side of your heart to your lungs & picks up oxygen Then, it returns to the heart, where it is pumped out & circles through the rest of the body delivering oxygen! THE HEART

HEART STRUCTURE Imagine your heart as a house!!!!!!!!!! The right side & left side are separated by a thick wall Two chambers (rooms!) on each side: Atrium (upper rooms) Ventricle (lower rooms) Valves are between each atrium & ventricle & allow blood to flow in only one direction (doors!) HEART STRUCTURE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF68q hyfcoM&feature=related HEART = HOUSE!!!!

YOUR HEARTBEAT Two main phases: Pacemaker 1st- Heart relaxes & fills with blood 2nd- Heart contracts & pumps blood Pacemaker Small group of cells that regulate the rate at which your heart contracts Receives messages from the brain to increase or decrease heart rate Average rate is about 70-80 beats per minute when you are not active YOUR HEARTBEAT

If all of the blood vessels in your body were placed end to end, they could wrap around Earth more than two times!! Three major types: Arteries Capillaries Veins BLOOD VESSELS

ARTERIES These are blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart They carry oxygen-rich blood Largest is the aorta Arteries = Red ARTERIES

CAPILLARIES Smallest blood vessels in the body Branch from the smallest arteries Help with temperature regulation (shrink to keep heat in & expand to let heat escape) Oxygen & nutrients diffuse through capillary walls into cells Wastes diffuse through capillaries into blood CAPILLARIES

Large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart Skeletal & smooth muscle help to squeeze blood in veins back to the heart Veins = Blue VEINS

Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels Two types: Systolic- pressure caused when the heart’s ventricles contract Diastolic- pressure caused when the ventricles are relaxed BLOOD PRESSURE

INTERPRETING BLOOD PRESSURE Blood pressure is recorded as the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure Example 120/80 120 is systolic; 80 is diastolic Normal Falls between 90/60 & 119/80 Low Lower than 90/60; organs may not be receiving enough oxygen High Over 140/90; called hypertension INTERPRETING BLOOD PRESSURE

BLOOD Plasma Liquid component of blood Makes up about 55% of the blood Carries waste products to the kidneys BLOOD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BG4k-G95VWM&feature=related

Red Blood Cells Cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body Contain hemoglobin Reaction between oxygen & hemoglobin give blood it’s red color BLOOD

BLOOD White Blood Cells Help protect you against disease Some make chemicals that help your body resist diseases Some destroy invading micro-organisms by surrounding them and destroying them BLOOD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnlULOjUhSQ

BLOOD Platelets Cell fragments They release proteins called clotting factors They form a plug, or scab, around a cut BLOOD

CARDIO DISEASES Hypertension High Cholesterol Heart Attack Stroke Arrhythmia CARDIO DISEASES

A person who consistently has a blood pressure of 140/90 & greater Heart must work extra hard to pump blood because of damage to blood vessel walls Heart may weaken & fail to pump blood Known as ‘Silent Killer’ – most people have no symptoms HYPERTENSION

Occurs when tissue in the heart does not receive its normal blood supplies & dies Cause is usually a blood clot Risk factors: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, physical inactivity & smoking Warning Signs: Uncomfortable pain/pressure in center of chest Pain spreading to shoulder, neck or arm Dizziness Fainting Sweating Extreme anxiety Nausea Shortness of breath HEART ATTACK http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8P3n6GKBSY

STROKE Sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the brain Artery to brain is either blocked or bursts Brain damage from strokes can effect speech, senses, comprehension, behaviors & memories Paralysis on one side of face common 1/3 of stroke cases result in death Warning Signs: Sudden, severe headache for no reason Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg Loss of speech Trouble understanding Trouble talking Sudden loss of vision Unsteadiness Dizziness Sudden Falling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_fo6ytlmD0 STROKE

BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LDL (low-density lipoproteins) Bad or lousy Becomes a component of plaque that builds up on artery walls Can develop atherosclerosis (artery wall thickens & hardens) Should be lower than 129 mg/dL HDL (high-density lipoproteins) Good or healthy Cleans your arteries of excess cholesterol and brings it to the liver Should be higher than 40 mg/dL BLOOD CHOLESTEROL

ARRHYTHMIA Irregular heartbeat Normal to experience from time to time, however when they occur all the time there might be a problem Some arrhythmias are signs of serious heart conditions, like the pacemaker not working properly ARRHYTHMIA

KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY! Exercise! Blood pressure decreases HDL levels will increase Heart muscles strengthen Stress levels lower KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY!

KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY! Diet! Limit intake of processed & fried foods (they increase LDL levels) Eat high fiber foods Limit salt intake KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY!

KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY! Avoid smoking! Tobacco products damage blood vessels, which leads to the development of hypertension Smokers are two to three times more likely to have a heart attack than nonsmokers KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY!