Skeletal muscle characteristics of HFD-induced obese mice.

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Skeletal muscle characteristics of HFD-induced obese mice. Skeletal muscle characteristics of HFD-induced obese mice. Serum cytokine level (A) and gastrocnemius gene expression (B) evaluated in 20-week-old mice after 12 weeks of being fed a standard diet (chow, white bars) or an HFD (black bars). n = 8 mice per experimental group. C–E: Histological analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle obtained from 24-week-old mice (n = 9 mice per experimental group) after 16 weeks of being fed a standard diet (chow) or an HFD. C: Representative microphotographs of a cross-section (right panel) and a longitudinal section (left panel). Scale bar = 100 μm. D: Measurement of variance coefficients of the fiber size in the cross-sectional samples of chow-fed and HFD-fed mice using Feret’s diameter as the geometrical parameter. n = 61 (minimum) to 201 (maximum) fibers were analyzed for each sample (three random fields/mouse, ×10). E: Quantification of adipocyte spots in the longitudinal section samples of chow-fed and HFD-fed mice (total biopsy sample). *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, chow-fed vs. HFD-fed mice. A.U., arbitrary units; CV, coefficient of variation; ns, nonsignificant. Vanessa Pellegrinelli et al. Diabetes 2015;64:3121-3134 ©2015 by American Diabetes Association